*Pages 1--79 from C:\Pdf2Text\Ready4Text_in\pdf\54064.pdf* 6 - 1 6. Subscribership and Penetration The number and percentage of households that have telephone service represent the most fundamental measures of the extent of universal service. Continuing analysis of telephone penetration statistics allows us to examine the aggregate effects of Commission actions on households' decisions to maintain, acquire or drop telephone service. This section presents comprehensive data on telephone penetration statistics collected by the Bureau of the Census under contract with the Federal Communications Commission. 1 Along with telephone penetration statistics for the United States and each of the states from November 1983 to March 2005, data are provided on penetration based on various demographic characteristics. This section also updates information on telephone penetration by income by state. 2 This information is designed to help evaluate the degree of success of making telephone service available to low- income households in each state. The most widely used measure of telephone subscribership is the percentage of households with telephone service, sometimes called a measure of telephone penetration. Prior to the 1980s, precise measurements of telephone subscribership received little attention. Traditionally, telephone penetration was measured by dividing the number of residential telephone lines by the number of households. Measures of penetration based on the number of residential lines, however, became subject to a large margin of error as more and more households added second telephone lines and more consumers acquired second homes. By 1980, the traditional measure of penetration (residential lines divided by the number of households) reached 96%, while the number of households reporting that they had telephones in the 1980 census was 92.9%. Recognizing the need for more precise periodic measurements of subscribership, the Commission requested that the Census Bureau include questions on telephone availability as part of its Current Population Survey (CPS), which monitors demographic trends between the decennial censuses. This survey is a staggered panel survey in which the people residing at particular addresses are included in the survey for four consecutive months in one year and the same four months in the following year. Use of the CPS has several advantages: it is conducted every month 1 This information was included in Industry Analysis and Technology Division, Wireline Competition Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, Telephone Subscribership in the United States (May 25, 2005). That report is updated three times a year. After the cutoff date for data in this report, we received new data for July 2005 showing an increase in the penetration rate to 94.0%. Those data are included in Telephone Subscribership in the United States (November 7, 2005). 2 This information was included in Industry Analysis and Technology Division, Wireline Competition Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, Telephone Penetration by Income by State (March 10, 2005). That report contains information on the number of households in each state as well as the percentages reported here. 1 6 - 2 by an independent and expert agency; the sample is large; and the questions are consistent. Thus, changes in the results can be compared over time with a reasonable degree of confidence. Unfortunately, the results of the CPS cannot be directly compared with the penetration figures contained in the 1980, 1990, and 2000 decennial censuses. This is due to differences in sampling techniques and survey methodologies, and because of differences in the context in which the questions were asked. For example, the 2000 decennial census reported 97.6% of all occupied housing units in the United States had telephone service available, whereas the CPS data showed a penetration rate of 94.6% of households for March 2000. This difference is statistically significant and appears to indicate that the CPS value may be on the low side and the decennial census value may be on the high side, with the most probable value lying somewhere in between. The decennial census data have the advantage of using much larger samples than the CPS because they are based on a sample of one- in- six households that filled out the Census Bureau’s long form. This makes it possible to look at long- run trends for small minority groups. For example, statistics from the 2000 census estimated that 67.9% of all American Indian households living on federally recognized reservations and trust lands had telephone service, as compared with 46.6% estimated from the 1990 census. 3 The specific questions asked in the CPS are: "Does this house, apartment, or mobile home have telephone service from which you can both make and receive calls? Please include cell phones, regular phones, and any other type of telephone." 4 And, if the answer to the first question 3 For more information, see the report Industry Analysis and Technology Division, Wireline Competition Bureau, Federal Communications Commission, Telephone Subscribership on American Indian Reservations and Off- Reservation Trust Lands (May 5, 2003). 4 The questions are intended to be neutral as to whether the household has wireline or wireless phones. Through November 2004, this question had been worded: "Is there a telephone in this house/ apartment?" For the November 2001 survey, households were also asked which type( s) of phones they had. While the response rate was not sufficient for a complete reporting of the results of this follow- up question, 1.2% of the households indicated that they had only wireless phones. 5.9% of the households failed to answer this question. The CPS no longer asks this follow- up question on a regular basis. However, a similar question was again asked in February 2004 for a special supplement given to a portion of the sample. In that month, 4.9% of those completing the supplement indicated that they had only wireless phones. 12.5% of the households failed to complete the supplement, and when imputed responses of those households are included, the estimate of households with only wireless goes up to 6.0%. Because of the increasing number of households that have wireless only, there was some concern that some of these households may not think of their cell phones when asked if they have a telephone. Consequently, beginning in December 2004, CPS changed its telephone question to the wording given above. It is possible that some of the drop in the penetration rate between November 2004 and March 2005 is for households who had a phone, but did not have 2 6 - 3 is "no," this is followed up with, "Is there a telephone elsewhere on which people in this household can be called?" If the answer to the first question is "yes," the household is counted as having a telephone "in unit." If the answer to either the first or second question is "yes," the household is counted as having a telephone "available." The “in unit” data and the “available” data are reported in Tables 6.6 through 6.10 and 6.12 through 6.16, and Charts 6.1 and 6.8. All of the remaining tables and charts of this section just report the “in unit” data. Although the survey is conducted every month, not all questions are asked every month. The telephone questions are asked once every four months: in the month that a household is first included in the sample and in the month that the household reenters the sample a year later. Since the sample is staggered, the reported information for any given month actually reflects responses over the preceding four months. Aggregated summaries of the responses are reported to the Commission, based on the surveys conducted through March, July, and November of each year. The CPS later provides the Commission with the raw data files containing all of the responses to all of the questions on the CPS questionnaires in those months. 5 The Census Bureau data are based on a nationwide sample of about 50 to 60 thousand households in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. (The CPS does not cover outlying areas that are not states, such as Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands.) Because a sample is used, the estimates are subject to sampling error. For the nationwide totals, changes in telephone penetration between consecutive reports of less than 0.4% may be due to sampling error and cannot be regarded as statistically significant. 6 As explained below, when comparing the same month in two consecutive years, changes of less than or equal to 0.3% are not statistically significant. When comparing annual averages, changes of less than or equal to 0.2% are not statistically significant. The annual averages are the average of the three surveys of the year in question. For individual states or other subgroups of the U. S. population, the amount of sampling variability is much greater, because the sample sizes are smaller. This will require larger changes to yield statistical significance at the same confidence level. The data in this section are not seasonally adjusted. After adjusting for the trend over time, there is an average increase of less than 0.2% among the reported months. All of the changes are below the threshold of statistical significance. Once a year, in March, the CPS supplements its survey with additional questions, which include detailed information about income, and augments its sample with about 2,500 additional Hispanic households. Starting in 2001, the sample was further augmented with about 20,000 service. 5 Tables 6.3 through 6.5, 6.11, and 6.17 of this section are derived from these raw data files. 6 The determination of the statistical significance of a change over time is discussed below. The critical value is dependent on the sizes of the samples from which the change is computed and by the confidence level, which is 95% here. 3 6 - 4 additional households with children. 7 The more detailed information from the March surveys makes it possible to adjust the income categories for inflation, and therefore make the purchasing power within each category stable over time. In the July and November surveys, only broad income categories are reported. (These are the categories that appear in Table 6.7.) The Commission's Lifeline support mechanism was instituted in 1985 to help low- income households afford the monthly cost of telephone service. Under the federal Lifeline support mechanism, telephone companies offer reduced rates to qualifying households and receive reimbursement from the federal universal service support mechanisms. Initially, Lifeline was available only in those states that chose to participate by providing matching assistance. Effective in 1998, the federal Lifeline support mechanism was revised so that a basic level of assistance would be provided in all states. 8 Additional federal support is also provided wherever a state chooses to provide matching assistance, at a rate of $1 in federal support for each $2 of state matching support, up to a maximum of $1.75 federal support (corresponding to $3.50 of state matching support). States may provide further support without further matching federal assistance. Results and Statistical Analysis Census Bureau figures for March 2005 show that the percentage of households subscribing to telephone service is 92.4%. This figure is down 1.8% from March 2004. This decrease is statistically significant. The average penetration rate for the year 2004 was 93.8%, which is down 1.3% from the 2003 average. This decrease is also statistically significant. This section includes figures showing subscribership percentages by state, by the head of the household's age and race, by household size, by income, and for adult individuals by labor force status. The March 2005 data show that 93.2% of adult individuals in the civilian non-institutionalized population have a telephone in their household. This is down 1.8% from March 2004. This decrease is statistically significant. The average penetration rate for 2004 was 94.7% for adult individuals, which is down 1.2% from the 2003 average. This decrease is also statistically significant. This section contains seventeen tables and nine charts presenting penetration statistics for various geographic and demographic characteristics. The charts and the first five tables present 7 The responses from the additional Hispanic households and households with children are not included in Tables 6.1, 6.2, and 6.6 through 6.10. Thus, in some cases, there may be small discrepancies between the percentages in those tables and the percentages in Tables 6.3 through 6.5 and 6.11. 8 The basic federal Lifeline support level is the subscriber line charge plus $1.75 per line per month. Eligible subscribers living on tribal lands may receive up to $25 additional Lifeline support as needed to bring their monthly rate down to $1. 4 6 - 5 summaries of the available information. Tables 6.6 through 6.11 present more detailed information. In Tables 6.6 through 6.10, only the annual averages are included for the years 1984 through 2002. March, July, and November data for those years are available in previous Monitoring Reports in CC Docket Nos. 87- 339 or 98- 202. Tables 6.12 through 6.17 provide information necessary to determine the statistical significance of changes in the penetration rates over time. Table 6.1 summarizes the telephone penetration for the United States, combining information on the number of households with the penetration rates. Chart 6.1 graphically depicts the nationwide penetration rates for households over time. Table 6.2 summarizes the telephone penetration rates by state, showing the average rates for 1984 and 2004, the change between those two years, and an indication as to whether the change is statistically significant. The statistical significance of a change is determined not only by the magnitude of that change, but also by the sizes of the samples used to estimate the change. Chart 6.2 depicts the states with average 2004 penetration rates (as shown in Table 6.2) more than 1% below the national average, within 1% of the national average, or more than 1% above the national average. Chart 6.3 depicts changes in household penetration rates by state (as shown in Table 6.2) between the average 1984 and 2004 rates. States with statistically significant increases or decreases are shown, along with other states with increases or decreases. Chart 6.4 depicts the relationship between telephone penetration and household income, using average 2004 penetration rates for all households and for households headed by white, black, and Hispanic persons. 9 It is based on data in Table 6.7. Chart 6.5 depicts the relationship between telephone penetration and household size, using average 2004 penetration rates for all households and for households headed by white, black, and Hispanic persons. It is based on data in Table 6.8. Chart 6.6 depicts the relationship between telephone penetration and the head of the household's age, using average 2004 penetration rates for all households and for households headed by white, black, and Hispanic persons. It is based on data in Table 6.9. 9 The CPS includes three racial categories: white, black, and other. Others, which include Native Americans, Asians, and Pacific Islanders, are not reported separately because of small sample sizes, but they are included in the totals. Hispanics are reported as an ethnic group, and can be of any race. 5 6 - 6 Chart 6.7 depicts the relationship between telephone penetration and labor force status for civilian non- institutionalized adults, using average 2004 penetration rates for all adults and for white, black, and Hispanic adults. It is based on data in Table 6.10. Chart 6.8 graphically depicts the nationwide penetration rates for civilian non-institutionalized adults over time. It is also based on data in Table 6.10. Chart 6.9 shows the telephone penetration rates in March of each year through 2004 for each of five income categories, adjusted for inflation, for the entire United States. It is based on data in Table 6.11. The income categories (expressed in March 1984 dollars) are: $9,999 or less; $10,000 - $19,999; $20,000 - $29,999; $30,000 - $39,999; and $40,000 or more. These categories were chosen because they are of approximately equal size, both in terms of income ranges and the number of households in each category. The upper limit of the lowest category is also approximately equal to the federal poverty line for a family of four. Between 1984 and 2004, there was a statistically significant increase in the penetration rate for all households. There also were statistically significant increases in penetration rates in the two lowest income categories over this time period, with the largest increase being in the lowest income category. 10 For the middle income category, there was no significant change between 1984 and 2004. For the two highest income categories there were small but significant decreases in the penetration rate between 1984 and 2004. Not all of the increases in the national total penetration rate can be explained by increases in real income, because real income increases are reflected in the movement of households between categories. Thus, penetration changes within each income category represent changes holding real income constant. To help evaluate the effect of the federal Lifeline support mechanism, Table 6.3 focuses on changes in telephone penetration rates from just before the program was established to just before it was substantially expanded in 1998, by comparing penetration rates for states with and without state Lifeline programs prior to 1998. 11 Briefly, penetration rate increases were greater, on average, in states with Lifeline programs than in states without Lifeline programs. 12 The effect is especially apparent for low- income households, 13 which are the households primarily 10 See footnote 16 for the critical values for these significance tests. 11 The expanded program was adopted in 1997, and took effect on January 1, 1998. States with Lifeline programs prior to 1998 are identified in Table 6.3 by showing that the year that Lifeline began was before 1998. Prior to the expansion, states participating in the federal Lifeline program were required to match the federal support with their own state support. 12 The averages for the groups of states were computed as weighted averages of the states in the groups, using the total number of households in each state as weights. This was calculated as the total number of households with telephone service in each group of states divided by the total number of households in that group. 13 Low- income households are those with incomes under $10,000 expressed in 1984 6 6 - 8 significant increase in overall penetration. For states with intermediate assistance, there was an increase of 0.9% in the low- income penetration rate and a small but not significant decrease in overall penetration. For states with just the basic federal support, the average penetration for low- income households decreased by 2.1% and the average penetration for all households decreased by 1.4%, and neither change was statistically significant. Data on individual states are provided in Table 6.5. The support amounts shown in Table 6.5 are the average state support for all lifeline subscribers in March 2004. Table 6.6 shows the CPS penetration rates for the United States and for each state beginning with November 1983. Because the CPS began collecting this data only in 1983, comparable values are not available prior to November 1983. For each of the surveys, the column headed "Unit" indicates the percentage of households for which there is a telephone in the housing unit. The column headed "Avail." indicates the percentage of households which have telephone service available for incoming calls, either in the housing unit or elsewhere (such as at work or at a neighbor’s home). Table 6.7 shows the nationwide penetration rates for households by income and the race of the head of the household. It shows a strong relationship between income and penetration. Caution should be used in comparing these figures over time, because these income levels are not adjusted for inflation. Thus, the same nominal income level at two points in time will reflect different real incomes in terms of purchasing power. Also, the income categories have changed over time due to the changing value of the dollar. Consequently, when evaluating penetration changes by income levels over time, Table 6.11 should be used. Table 6.8 shows the nationwide penetration rates for households by the size of the household and the race of the householder. It shows that penetration is higher for households of 2 to 5 people than it is for single- person households or those with 6 or more people. Table 6.9 shows the nationwide penetration rates for households by the age and race of the head of the household. It shows that the penetration rate is lowest for young and non- white households. Table 6.10 shows the nationwide penetration rates for all persons that are at least 15 years old in the civilian non- institutionalized population by their race and employment status. Since this table is for individual adults rather than households, the total penetration rates are different from those in the previous tables. It shows that penetration is lowest among the unemployed. Table 6.11 shows the penetration rates for each of the income categories, adjusted for inflation, shown in Chart 6.9, for each state for March of each year. The table shows only five categories, rather than the more numerous categories of the nationwide data in Table 6.7, because the small sample sizes caused by a larger number of categories would result in unreliably large sampling variability for the individual states. The relative levels of the March Consumer Price Index for all items (as reported in Table 7.4) were used to make the inflation adjustment. Thus, for 8 6 - 9 example, $10,000 in March 1984 dollars had the same purchasing power as $18,252 in March 2004 dollars. The precise current dollar values in each year are reported at the end of Table 6.11. Tables 6.12 through 6.16 present the critical values at the 95% confidence level for testing the statistical significance of changes in penetration rates over time in the earlier tables. These critical values are relevant because changes less than or equal to the values shown are likely to be due to sampling error, and thus cannot be regarded as demonstrating that a change in telephone penetration has occurred. In some cases, these critical values are very large because the sample sizes are very small for these subcategories, rendering the changes in estimated penetration rates unreliable. Because there is an overlap of half of the sample from year to year, but no overlap in the sample between surveys that are four months apart, annual changes are less subject to variations in sampling error. Consequently, the critical values should be multiplied by 0.8 when making a comparison for the same month in two consecutive years. When comparing the annual averages, the critical values should be multiplied by 0.5774, since these averages are based on three surveys, and hence have a lower standard error. When comparing annual averages of two consecutive years, the critical values should be multiplied by .46, taking into account both of the above factors. Table 6.17 shows the sample sizes on which the estimates of Table 6.11 are based. The sampling variability is inversely related to the square root of the sample size. The critical values for individual income categories in Table 6.11 can therefore be estimated by taking the critical value for the state "In Unit" total and multiplying it by the square root of the ratio of the sample size for the state total to the sample size for the income category. In most cases, the critical value for an individual income category will be between two and three times the critical value for the state total. 16 In some cases, these critical values are very large because the sample sizes are very small for these subcategories, thereby rendering the estimated penetration rates unreliable. 16 For example, using this methodology to calculate critical values for comparing the 1984 and 2003 values for the United States Total, the critical values are 0.8% for the $10,000 - $19,999 and the $40,000 or more categories, 0.9% for the $9,999 or less and $20,000 - $29,999 categories, and 1.1% for the $30,000 - $39,999 category. These compare with 0.4% for all households. 9 HouseholdsPercentageHouseholdsPercentage withwithwithoutwithout DateHouseholdsTelephonesTelephonesTelephonesTelephones (millions)( millions)( millions) November198385.878.491.4% 7.48.6% March198486.078.991.8% 7.18.2% July198486.679.391.6% 7.38.4% November198487.479.991.4% 7.58.6% March198587.480.291.8% 7.28.2% July198588.281.091.8% 7.28.2% November198588.881.691.9% 7.28.1% March198689.082.192.2% 6.97.8% July198689.582.592.2% 7.07.8% November198689.983.192.4% 6.87.6% March198790.283.492.5% 6.87.5% July198790.783.792.3% 7.07.7% November198791.384.392.3% 7.07.7% March198891.885.392.9% 6.57.1% July198892.485.792.8% 6.77.2% November198892.685.792.5% 6.97.5% March198993.687.093.0% 6.67.0% July198993.887.593.3% 6.36.7% November198993.987.393.0% 6.67.0% March199094.287.993.3% 6.36.7% July199094.888.493.3% 6.46.7% November199094.788.493.3% 6.36.7% March199195.389.293.6% 6.16.4% July199195.589.193.3% 6.46.7% November199195.789.493.4% 6.36.6% March199296.690.793.9% 5.96.1% July199296.690.693.8% 6.06.2% November199297.091.093.8% 6.06.2% March199397.391.694.2% 5.75.8% July199397.992.294.2% 5.75.8% November199398.893.094.2% 5.85.8% March199498.192.193.9% 6.06.1% July199498.692.493.7% 6.26.3% November199499.893.793.8% 6.26.2% March199599.993.893.9% 6.16.1% July1995100.094.094.0% 6.06.0% November1995100.494.293.9% 6.26.1% March1996100.694.493.8% 6.26.2% July1996101.295.093.9% 6.16.1% November1996101.395.193.9% 6.26.1% March1997102.095.893.9% 6.26.1% July1997102.396.193.9% 6.26.1% November1997102.896.593.8% 6.36.2% March1998103.497.494.1% 6.15.9% July1998103.497.394.1% 6.15.9% November1998104.198.094.2% 6.15.8% March1999104.898.594.0% 6.36.0% July1999105.199.294.4% 5.95.6% November1999105.499.194.1% 6.35.9% March2000105.399.694.6% 5.75.4% July2000105.899.894.4% 5.95.6% November2000106.5100.294.1% 6.35.9% March2001107.0101.194.6% 5.85.4% July2001106.9101.795.1% 5.24.9% November2001107.7102.294.9% 5.55.1% March2002108.3103.495.5% 4.84.5% July2002108.5103.295.1% 5.34.9% November2002109.0104.095.3% 5.14.7% March2003112.1107.195.5% 5.04.5% July2003112.1106.895.2% 5.34.8% November2003113.1107.194.7% 6.05.3% March2004112.9106.494.2% 6.55.8% July2004113.5106.593.8% 7.16.2% November2004113.8106.493.5% 7.46.5% March2005114.5105.892.4% 8.77.6% Note: Details may not appear to add to totals due to rounding. Table 6.1 Household Telephone Subscribership in the United States 6 - 10 10 Chart 6.1 85 90 95 100 Month (March, July, November) Percent with Telephone N83 M84 J84 N84 M85 J85 N85 M86 J86 N86 M87 J87 N87 M88 J88 N88 M89 J89 N89 M90 J90 N90 M91 J91 N91 M92 J92 N92 M93 J93 N93 M94 J94 N94 M95 J95 N95 M96 J96 N96 M97 J97 N97 M98 J98 N98 M99 J99 N99 M00 J00 N00 M01 J01 N01 M02 J02 N02 M03 J03 N03 M04 J04 N04 M05 In Housing Unit Available Telephone Penetration Households 6 - 11 11 Table 6.2 Telephone Penetration by State (Annual Average Percentage of Households with Telephone Service) State 1984 2004 Change Alabama88.4% 92.2% 3.8% * Alaska86.595.69.1 * Arizona86.991.84.9 * Arkansas86.688.62.0 California92.596.03.5 * Colorado93.295.82.6 * Connecticut95.595.50.0 Delaware94.396.01.8 * District of Columbia 94.991.9- 3.0 # Florida88.793.44.7 * Georgia86.291.25.0 * Hawaii93.595.41.8 * Idaho90.794.84.1 * Illinois94.290.1- 4.1 # Indiana91.691.80.3 Iowa96.295.4- 0.8 Kansas94.394.80.4 Kentucky88.191.43.3 * Louisiana89.790.91.3 Maine93.496.63.2 * Maryland95.793.4- 2.3 # Massachusetts95.996.40.5 Michigan92.893.70.9 Minnesota95.897.11.3 Mississippi82.489.67.2 * Missouri91.593.72.2 * Montana91.093.52.5 * Nebraska95.795.70.0 Nevada90.492.21.8 New Hampshire 94.396.42.1 * New Jersey 94.895.10.3 New Mexico 82.091.49.4 * New York 91.894.52.7 * North Carolina 88.393.35.0 * North Dakota 94.695.00.3 Ohio92.494.92.5 * Oklahoma90.391.00.7 Oregon90.695.54.9 * Pennsylvania94.995.60.7 Rhode Island 93.695.31.7 South Carolina 83.793.49.8 * South Dakota 93.293.60.4 Tennessee88.592.84.3 * Texas88.491.83.4 * Utah92.596.33.7 * Vermont92.395.93.6 * Virginia93.194.01.0 Washington93.095.52.5 * West Virginia 87.793.25.5 * Wisconsin95.295.50.2 Wyoming89.994.64.7 * Total United States 91.6% 93.8% 2.2% * * Increase is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. # Decrease is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Differences may not appear to equal changes due to rounding. 6 - 12 12 Chart 6.2 6 - 13 92.7% or less 92.8% - 94.8% 94.9% or more Average 2004 Telephone Penetration 13 Chart 6.3 6 - 14 Significant Decrease Decrease Increase Significant Increase 1984 - 2004 Penetration Changes 14 Chart 6.4 50 60 70 80 90 100 Income P e r c e n t o f H o u s e h o l d s UNDER $5,000 $5,000 - $7,499 $7,500 - $9,999 $10,000 - $12,499 $12,500 - $14,999 $15,000 - $19,999 $20,000 - $24,999 $25,000 - $29,999 $30,000 - $34,999 $35,000 - $39,999 $40,000 - $49,999 $50,000 - $59,999 $60,000 - $74,999 $75,000 + Total W hite Black Hispanic Telephone Penetration by Income Level 2004 Annual Average 6 - 15 15 Chart 6.5 Chart 6.6 Chart 6.7 6 - 16 50 60 70 80 90 100 Persons in Household Percent of Households 1 2 - 3 4 - 5 6+ Telephone Penetration by Household Size 2004 Annual Average 50 60 70 80 90 100 Householder's Age Percent of Households 15- 24 25- 54 55- 59 60- 64 65- 69 70- 99 Telephone Penetration by Householder's Age 2004 Annual Average 50 60 70 80 90 100 Labor Force Status Percent of Adults Total CNP Employed Unemployed Not in Labor Force Total White Black Hispanic Telephone Penetration by Labor Force Status 2004 Annual Average 16 Chart 6.8 85 90 95 100 Month (March, July, November) P e r c e n t w i t h T e l e p h o n e N83 M84 J84 N84 M85 J85 N85 M86 J86 N86 M87 J87 N87 M88 J88 N88 M89 J89 N89 M90 J90 N90 M91 J91 N91 M92 J92 N92 M93 J93 N93 M94 J94 N94 M95 J95 N95 M96 J96 N96 M97 J97 N97 M98 J98 N98 M99 J99 N99 M00 J00 N00 M01 J01 N01 M02 J02 N02 M03 J03 N03 M04 J04 N04 M05 In Housing Unit Available Telephone Penetration Civilian Noninstitutionalized Adults 6 - 17 17 Chart 6.9 75 80 85 90 95 100 Year Telephone Penetration Percentage 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 $9,999 or less $10,000 - $19,999 $20,000 - $29,999 $30,000 - $39,999 $40,000 or more All Households Telephone Penetration Rates by Income Annual Household Income in 1984 Dollars 6 - 18 18 Table 6.3 Comparison of Penetration Rates for States With and Without Lifeline Assistance Low- Income Households # All Households Change Change Lifeline Categor yMarch 1984 March 1997 Change per Yea r March 1984 March 1997 Change per Yea r With Assistance 79.3% 85.8% 6.5% * 0.50% 91.5% 93.9% 2.4% * 0.18% Without Assistance 83.6% 86.9% 3.3% * 0.25% 93.3% 94.4% 1.0% 0.08% Average All States 80.1% 86.0% 5.9% * 0.45% 91.8% 94.0% 2.1% * 0.16% # Households with income under $10,000 expressed in March 1984 dollars. * Change is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Note: Changes may not appear to be the same as calculated differences due to rounding. Table 6.4 Comparison of Penetration Rates for States by Level of Lifeline Assistanc e Low- Income Households # All Households Change Change Lifeline Categor yMarch 1997 March 2004 Change per Yea r March 1997 March 2004 Change per Yea r Full Assistance 86.4% 89.4% 3.0%* 0.43% 94.0% 94.5% 0.6% 0.08% Nearly Full Assistance 83.4% 87.0% 3.6%* 0.51% 93.0% 93.6% 0.6% 0.09% Intermediate Assistance 87.5% 88.5% 0.9% 0.13% 94.7% 94.6%- 0.1% -0.02% Basic Assistance87.6% 85.5%- 2.1% -0.30% 93.6% 92.2%- 1.4% -0.19% Average All States 86.0% 88.0% 2.0%* 0.29% 94.0% 94.2% 0.2% 0.02% # Households with income under $10,000 expressed in March 1984 dollars. * Change is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Note: Changes may not appear to be the same as calculated differences due to rounding. 6 - 19 19 Table 6.5 Comparison of Penetration Rates for States by Level of Lifeline Assistanc e Avg. Stat e Yea r $ Support Lifeline per Line Change Change Change Change State Began March 2004 March 1984 March 1997 March 2004 March 1984 March 1997 March 2004 Alabama 1995 3.48 77.4% 78.0% 82.5% 0.6% 4.6% 89.0% 91.3% 91.8% 2.2% 0.5% Alaska 1994 3.50 61.5% 74.1% 88.9% 12.6% * 14.8% * 85.9% 94.3% 95.8% 8.4% * 1.4% Arizona 1987 2.77 73.6% 82.4% 85.6% 8.9% 3.1% 90.0% 90.3% 93.2% 0.3% 2.9% * Arkansas 1986 0.95 78.3% 78.8% 79.9% 0.5% 1.1% 87.2% 88.7% 90.0% 1.5% 1.2% California 1985 2.48 82.9% 87.7% 92.5% 4.7% * 4.9% * 92.6% 94.0% 96.0% 1.4% 1.9% * Colorado 1986 3.49 86.9% 88.0% 92.0% 1.2% 4.0% 94.6% 96.5% 96.5% 1.9% 0.1% Connecticut 1993 1.18 80.5% 85.9% 94.6% 5.4% 8.7% * 94.7% 95.6% 97.9% 1.0% 2.3% Delaware 1998 2.30 87.3% 94.4% 94.0% 7.1% -0.4% 95.5% 95.2% 96.9% -0.3% 1.7% District of Columbia 1987 3.50 92.5% 81.1% 88.0% -11.4% # 6.9% 95.9% 91.4% 95.0% -4.5% 3.6% Florida 1994 3.50 80.2% 84.4% 88.3% 4.1% * 3.9% * 89.9% 92.1% 93.2% 2.2% * 1.1% Georgia 1991 3.40 69.1% 81.6% 81.3% 12.5% * -0.3% 85.9% 90.4% 91.8% 4.5% * 1.4% Hawaii 1987 0.00 76.1% 89.9% 91.6% 13.8% * 1.7% 94.0% 94.9% 96.3% 0.9% 1.4% Idaho 1987 3.50 78.4% 87.9% 89.4% 9.4% * 1.5% 90.6% 95.0% 96.6% 4.4% * 1.7% Illinois 1998 0.18 87.8% 83.2% 81.9% -4.6% -1.3% 95.6% 93.5% 90.5% -2.0% -3.1% # Indiana 1998 0.00 80.4% 91.6% 83.9% 11.2% * -7.7% # 92.0% 94.3% 91.6% 2.2% -2.6% Iowa 1998 0.03 89.7% 87.7% 90.9% -2.0% 3.2% 95.8% 96.1% 95.2% 0.3% -0.8% Kansas 1998 3.50 86.5% 87.0% 87.9% 0.4% 0.9% 94.5% 94.9% 94.2% 0.4% -0.6% Kentucky 1998 2.44 72.1% 87.7% 85.3% 15.6% * -2.4% 87.1% 93.1% 91.5% 6.0% * -1.6% Louisiana 1998 0.00 80.9% 81.7% 85.2% 0.8% 3.5% 89.6% 91.2% 91.2% 1.6% -0.1% Maine 1987 3.50 83.1% 90.5% 91.7% 7.4% * 1.3% 94.3% 93.7% 96.4% -0.6% 2.7% * Maryland 1987 3.50 87.0% 85.9% 90.5% -1.1% 4.6% 96.2% 95.3% 94.6% -0.9% -0.7% Massachusetts 1990 8.45 88.2% 91.7% 93.9% 3.5% 2.2% 95.7% 95.9% 96.9% 0.2% 1.0% Michigan 1989 1.98 80.9% 86.0% 87.6% 5.1% * 1.6% 93.3% 94.9% 94.0% 1.6% -0.8% Minnesota 1988 1.54 85.2% 91.7% 94.3% 6.5% * 2.6% 95.9% 97.4% 97.8% 1.5% 0.4% Mississippi 1991 3.37 71.3% 76.6% 83.6% 5.3% 7.1% 81.9% 89.4% 91.5% 7.5% * 2.1% Missouri 1987 0.84 82.5% 95.2% 81.4% 12.7% * -13.8% # 92.2% 97.5% 93.5% 5.3% * -4.0% # Montana 1987 3.00 79.6% 86.3% 88.1% 6.7% * 1.8% 90.3% 94.1% 93.7% 3.8% * -0.4% Nebraska 1998 3.48 90.7% 92.8% 88.9% 2.2% -4.0% 96.6% 97.0% 95.1% 0.4% -1.9% Nevada 1988 2.91 78.4% 90.8% 86.6% 12.3% * -4.2% 93.0% 93.8% 93.3% 0.8% -0.5% New Hampshire 1998 0.00 82.2% 93.6% 92.0% 11.4% * -1.6% 94.8% 97.1% 95.4% 2.4% -1.7% New Jersey 1998 3.43 83.2% 88.6% 93.2% 5.4% 4.5% 93.6% 96.1% 95.8% 2.5% * -0.3% New Mexico 1987 3.29 61.8% 69.6% 84.7% 7.8% * 15.1% * 82.1% 86.0% 91.7% 3.9% * 5.7% * New York 1985 3.30 84.6% 87.5% 89.0% 6.0% * 1.5% 91.4% 94.5% 94.8% 3.1% * 0.3% North Carolina 1986 3.50 73.5% 83.6% 87.6% 10.1% * 3.9% 89.0% 93.5% 93.7% 4.5% * 0.2% North Dakota 1990 1.86 85.2% 93.6% 86.0% 8.5% * -7.6% # 93.9% 96.2% 94.0% 2.3% * -2.1% # † Households with income under $10,000 expressed in March 1984 dollars. * Increase is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. # Decrease is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Note: Changes may not appear to be the same as calculated differences due to rounding. Low- Income Households † All Households 1984 to 1997 1997 to 2004 1984 to 1997 1997 to 2004 6 - 20 20 Table 6.5 Comparison of Penetration Rates for States by Level of Lifeline Assistanc e Avg. Stat e Yea r $ Support Lifeline per Line Change Change Change Change State Began March 2004 March 1984 March 1997 March 2004 March 1984 March 1997 March 2004 Low- Income Households † All Households 1984 to 1997 1997 to 2004 1984 to 1997 1997 to 2004 Ohio 1987 2.87 81.0% 88.5% 87.2% 7.5% * -1.2% 93.2% 95.0% 94.8% 1.8% -0.3% Oklahoma 1996 0.45 81.9% 78.9% 84.0% -3.0% 5.1% 91.0% 91.8% 92.7% 0.7% 0.9% Oregon 1986 3.50 76.4% 90.5% 88.8% 14.1% * -1.8% 91.4% 95.3% 95.0% 3.9% * -0.3% Pennsylvania 1996 1.03 85.6% 93.6% 92.1% 8.0% * -1.5% 94.4% 97.3% 96.4% 3.0% * -0.9% Rhode Island 1987 3.31 86.4% 87.6% 89.4% 1.2% 1.7% 94.0% 94.6% 95.4% 0.5% 0.8% South Carolina 1995 3.49 66.1% 76.2% 85.2% 10.1% * 9.0% * 85.1% 92.0% 93.4% 6.9% * 1.4% South Dakota 1988 0.04 84.6% 90.5% 80.3% 5.9% -10.2% # 93.0% 94.7% 92.7% 1.7% -2.0% Tennessee 1992 3.17 71.1% 89.3% 89.6% 18.2% * 0.3% 87.1% 94.1% 93.3% 7.1% * -0.8% Texas 1988 3.19 74.0% 79.6% 85.6% 5.6% * 6.0% * 88.4% 91.0% 92.1% 2.6% * 1.1% Utah 1987 3.50 81.5% 98.3% 93.8% 16.8% * -4.5% 92.4% 97.5% 96.6% 5.1% * -0.8% Vermont 1986 3.50 75.3% 84.6% 93.4% 9.3% * 8.9% * 91.5% 93.9% 96.9% 2.4% 3.0% Virginia 1988 3.36 80.4% 84.7% 87.3% 4.3% 2.7% 93.2% 93.6% 94.3% 0.5% 0.6% Washington 1987 1.90 82.7% 89.0% 87.5% 6.3% * -1.6% 92.9% 96.1% 94.9% 3.2% * -1.2% West Virginia 1986 2.64 75.7% 83.8% 91.6% 8.1% * 7.8% * 87.3% 93.6% 94.6% 6.3% * 1.0% Wisconsin 1991 1.23 88.4% 87.8% 92.5% -0.6% 4.7% 96.0% 96.4% 96.0% 0.4% -0.3% Wyoming 1991 3.50 74.2% 89.5% 88.7% 15.2% * -0.8% 89.2% 94.9% 95.8% 5.7% * 0.9% † Households with income under $10,000 expressed in March 1984 dollars. * Increase is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. # Decrease is statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Note: Changes may not appear to be the same as calculated differences due to rounding. 6 - 21 21 Table 6.6 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by State Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail UNITED STATES 91.493.791.693.791.893.992.394.1 ALABAMA87.990.288.490.589.191.088.790.4 ALASKA 83.888.886.589.087.189.586.488.9 ARIZONA88.890.786.989.487.389.689.490.9 ARKANSAS 88.291.486.690.685.989.986.490.4 CALIFORNIA91.793.592.593.892.994.193.094.0 COLORADO94.496.593.295.494.396.294.196.0 CONNECTICUT 95.598.495.597.096.297.697.097.9 DELAWARE95.096.694.395.794.896.294.796.3 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 94.795.694.996.393.695.292.294.0 FLORIDA85.589.988.791.389.691.790.092.5 GEORGIA88.992.186.289.187.689.788.491.0 HAWAII 94.696.493.594.993.095.092.294.4 IDAHO 89.592.290.791.791.893.191.593.1 ILLINOIS 95.095.994.295.893.795.393.695.2 INDIANA90.393.591.693.692.394.792.294.3 IOWA95.497.296.297.495.196.495.796.5 KANSAS 94.996.794.395.894.496.494.696.1 KENTUCKY 86.990.988.191.087.491.186.290.6 LOUISIANA 88.993.389.792.790.393.688.791.9 MAINE90.793.193.495.394.095.693.495.4 MARYLAND96.396.795.796.595.596.795.796.7 MASSACHUSETTS 94.395.995.996.995.296.396.497.1 MICHIGAN 93.894.992.894.592.994.293.494.5 MINNESOTA 96.497.595.897.196.497.496.297.2 MISSISSIPPI 82.489.182.487.580.987.680.187.3 MISSOURI 92.194.191.593.792.594.893.494.9 MONTANA 92.894.591.094.091.493.990.993.7 NEBRASKA 94.095.395.796.895.396.695.696.8 NEVADA89.491.990.492.891.893.892.493.7 NEW HAMPSHIRE 95.096.994.395.893.294.694.095.0 NEW JERSEY 94.195.194.896.194.996.294.996.1 NEW MEXICO 85.390.982.087.084.188.285.189.1 NEW YORK 90.892.291.893.692.193.693.294.3 NORTH CAROLINA 89.392.988.391.989.492.490.292.5 NORTH DAKOTA 95.197.394.696.895.396.796.197.0 OHIO 92.293.992.494.492.294.593.194.4 OKLAHOMA 91.593.790.392.588.891.790.493.0 OREGON91.293.590.692.390.392.192.794.3 PENNSYLVANIA 95.197.194.996.595.396.696.397.4 RHODE ISLAND 93.394.693.694.694.095.195.996.8 SOUTH CAROLINA 81.884.983.787.786.890.586.390.6 SOUTH DAKOTA 92.795.093.294.992.694.592.694.2 TENNESSEE 87.692.688.592.089.392.689.693.6 TEXAS 89.092.688.491.688.191.688.991.9 UTAH 90.392.292.594.293.995.193.093.9 VERMONT 92.794.392.394.092.994.193.895.6 VIRGINIA93.194.793.195.191.793.892.194.1 WASHINGTON 92.593.793.094.494.796.294.696.3 WEST VIRGINIA 88.191.187.791.887.691.788.291.9 WISCONSIN 94.896.195.296.694.195.495.195.9 WYOMING89.793.389.992.893.494.992.195.1 1983 1984 1985 1986 NOVEMBER ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE 6 - 22 22 Table 6.6 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by State Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail UNITED STATES 92.494.292.794.593.194.993.395.0 ALABAMA87.589.687.389.689.091.389.591.1 ALASKA 87.890.287.689.986.889.989.392.6 ARIZONA88.690.790.692.391.693.293.095.1 ARKANSAS 86.390.786.190.287.591.088.791.9 CALIFORNIA93.895.094.495.594.996.094.695.5 COLORADO92.995.593.895.494.696.094.796.3 CONNECTICUT 97.098.096.398.998.198.597.197.7 DELAWARE96.597.397.097.996.697.596.097.1 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 92.494.294.695.992.794.891.493.2 FLORIDA91.793.892.794.592.994.593.094.9 GEORGIA88.791.390.192.490.292.990.993.4 HAWAII 94.296.694.596.395.196.995.396.8 IDAHO 91.192.592.293.392.593.692.894.1 ILLINOIS 93.795.294.295.693.995.494.395.7 INDIANA91.293.292.394.993.295.992.895.9 IOWA95.196.395.496.996.397.596.196.9 KANSAS 95.296.694.495.794.495.895.496.5 KENTUCKY 86.590.687.590.988.992.789.193.3 LOUISIANA 87.590.887.391.188.691.389.492.0 MAINE93.595.294.295.995.396.495.797.6 MARYLAND95.496.695.997.295.096.695.496.7 MASSACHUSETTS 96.497.096.997.397.197.896.697.4 MICHIGAN 93.794.893.995.093.794.994.195.5 MINNESOTA 96.097.497.298.496.897.896.998.1 MISSISSIPPI 81.586.383.388.685.590.387.090.9 MISSOURI 93.095.393.595.691.093.492.095.3 MONTANA 90.993.991.794.291.794.392.094.2 NEBRASKA 94.696.195.496.195.296.396.297.1 NEVADA92.493.792.493.492.793.392.693.6 NEW HAMPSHIRE 94.196.295.296.195.497.195.096.5 NEW JERSEY 95.096.394.495.994.896.194.795.9 NEW MEXICO 86.089.385.789.185.889.685.889.5 NEW YORK 92.794.292.494.092.394.091.192.8 NORTH CAROLINA 89.291.790.492.891.994.191.994.2 NORTH DAKOTA 96.897.496.897.597.098.097.097.9 OHIO 93.494.794.495.294.695.595.296.3 OKLAHOMA 88.791.888.991.688.291.289.592.7 OREGON93.394.892.093.592.393.994.595.9 PENNSYLVANIA 96.497.396.297.197.097.596.997.6 RHODE ISLAND 95.296.395.496.595.496.395.696.5 SOUTH CAROLINA 87.790.688.591.487.890.890.293.2 SOUTH DAKOTA 92.895.092.995.493.395.093.495.3 TENNESSEE 89.292.690.393.591.995.191.694.1 TEXAS 89.592.288.591.388.891.689.492.0 UTAH 92.394.692.594.595.996.595.696.3 VERMONT 95.396.995.696.893.995.794.996.9 VIRGINIA92.594.692.995.593.295.793.094.9 WASHINGTON 94.396.494.395.796.497.397.197.7 WEST VIRGINIA 87.891.587.391.486.890.387.691.7 WISCONSIN 96.497.197.098.097.398.496.997.7 WYOMING92.394.193.094.493.695.594.195.9 1987 1988 1989 1990 ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE 6 - 23 23 Table 6.6 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by State 1992 1993 1994 Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail UNITED STATES 93.495.193.895.394.295.693.895.4 ALABAMA91.493.390.893.291.994.391.394.3 ALASKA 90.893.591.794.489.993.891.894.6 ARIZONA93.494.993.394.793.394.493.995.3 ARKANSAS 87.691.487.391.087.891.090.293.5 CALIFORNIA95.095.995.696.595.896.794.895.7 COLORADO95.497.095.596.396.196.596.797.7 CONNECTICUT 96.297.396.697.396.797.596.597.5 DELAWARE96.497.596.597.896.596.895.597.1 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 90.992.688.790.590.291.790.091.2 FLORIDA93.395.093.595.193.895.193.594.9 GEORGIA89.991.790.291.993.294.291.193.2 HAWAII 95.196.495.396.894.496.394.396.1 IDAHO 92.093.693.094.794.495.794.796.2 ILLINOIS 93.895.693.895.593.695.393.695.2 INDIANA92.294.691.993.293.795.193.694.8 IOWA95.697.495.497.496.497.496.898.0 KANSAS 94.595.795.296.695.696.394.796.2 KENTUCKY 88.192.989.692.689.893.191.293.8 LOUISIANA 91.193.991.793.990.492.291.493.9 MAINE94.496.693.295.396.098.196.097.8 MARYLAND96.397.296.097.496.797.995.696.6 MASSACHUSETTS 96.497.496.897.596.997.996.597.1 MICHIGAN 94.195.594.495.595.696.595.096.6 MINNESOTA 97.197.996.798.196.197.395.697.2 MISSISSIPPI 86.090.986.390.487.290.688.692.5 MISSOURI 93.695.294.096.093.195.393.896.0 MONTANA 92.594.493.295.794.696.393.995.5 NEBRASKA 95.996.496.497.196.697.296.798.0 NEVADA93.394.593.794.695.495.993.093.5 NEW HAMPSHIRE 96.297.595.496.496.096.996.497.3 NEW JERSEY 93.695.294.495.394.395.192.994.1 NEW MEXICO 87.189.988.490.990.293.388.391.2 NEW YORK 91.993.493.494.593.594.893.194.4 NORTH CAROLINA 91.894.292.594.592.794.692.695.2 NORTH DAKOTA 96.397.695.897.197.198.096.597.7 OHIO 94.595.894.695.694.996.094.896.0 OKLAHOMA 89.391.990.993.192.194.091.893.6 OREGON94.795.493.994.794.895.796.197.0 PENNSYLVANIA 96.897.896.997.797.398.097.098.0 RHODE ISLAND 94.796.394.896.095.596.795.997.3 SOUTH CAROLINA 90.093.389.292.989.891.989.492.3 SOUTH DAKOTA 93.795.794.195.693.795.494.796.1 TENNESSEE 92.294.693.195.292.093.993.195.6 TEXAS 91.193.691.594.291.694.390.893.2 UTAH 96.297.095.996.596.096.895.797.1 VERMONT 94.496.594.295.694.695.994.696.3 VIRGINIA92.694.794.896.494.395.994.896.7 WASHINGTON 96.897.396.096.996.898.096.097.2 WEST VIRGINIA 89.093.089.392.690.693.690.894.2 WISCONSIN 96.597.597.097.796.997.696.197.6 WYOMING94.696.392.794.993.995.793.595.5 1991 ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE 6 - 24 24 Table 6.6 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by State 1995 1996 1997 1998 Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail UNITED STATES 93.995.293.995.093.995.094.195.2 ALABAMA92.294.092.293.992.393.693.394.4 ALASKA 93.695.694.495.494.596.494.096.0 ARIZONA93.895.193.194.191.693.291.993.0 ARKANSAS 89.492.586.989.789.891.888.089.8 CALIFORNIA94.595.395.095.694.394.995.295.9 COLORADO96.697.295.596.495.997.395.096.0 CONNECTICUT 96.998.097.598.294.294.895.596.2 DELAWARE96.296.896.197.195.796.796.797.0 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 90.992.393.094.290.892.391.092.3 FLORIDA93.994.893.194.292.894.092.693.5 GEORGIA90.091.889.791.192.093.091.492.5 HAWAII 94.796.094.895.994.595.695.496.3 IDAHO 95.196.192.994.394.094.793.394.2 ILLINOIS 93.695.093.094.292.293.792.893.9 INDIANA94.495.993.795.193.895.194.495.7 IOWA96.497.696.696.996.797.596.797.5 KANSAS 93.995.093.995.294.095.294.395.3 KENTUCKY 92.194.292.393.393.294.393.395.1 LOUISIANA 92.695.391.193.391.093.592.393.3 MAINE95.796.996.597.896.197.396.997.9 MARYLAND96.496.896.797.295.796.396.597.0 MASSACHUSETTS 95.996.795.796.795.496.394.595.4 MICHIGAN 95.296.095.095.694.395.295.096.0 MINNESOTA 97.398.197.198.096.998.097.898.3 MISSISSIPPI 86.591.187.591.689.293.289.592.0 MISSOURI 94.495.795.396.795.096.294.695.9 MONTANA 94.295.394.395.593.794.894.195.0 NEBRASKA 97.197.896.096.997.197.896.297.0 NEVADA92.693.693.594.194.194.492.393.3 NEW HAMPSHIRE 96.297.296.196.996.597.495.596.6 NEW JERSEY 92.393.293.694.894.996.094.595.3 NEW MEXICO 86.488.886.288.688.190.888.291.3 NEW YORK 92.993.993.494.394.295.194.895.7 NORTH CAROLINA 93.495.193.595.193.194.293.194.0 NORTH DAKOTA 97.297.996.396.795.897.096.897.5 OHIO 94.095.094.595.694.695.395.696.3 OKLAHOMA 91.592.991.392.691.493.190.691.7 OREGON96.496.996.096.895.696.396.097.2 PENNSYLVANIA 96.897.596.997.597.197.696.897.4 RHODE ISLAND 96.097.495.796.394.595.695.696.5 SOUTH CAROLINA 90.592.391.393.692.593.892.994.1 SOUTH DAKOTA 94.395.993.394.593.995.090.691.7 TENNESSEE 93.095.594.096.294.596.494.696.3 TEXAS 91.393.391.092.691.393.092.293.7 UTAH 97.697.996.797.096.997.797.197.7 VERMONT 96.598.095.997.795.196.795.296.1 VIRGINIA95.997.394.996.194.595.793.994.6 WASHINGTON 95.796.694.595.595.996.995.295.9 WEST VIRGINIA 92.794.992.995.093.294.993.895.5 WISCONSIN 97.397.797.097.796.397.295.996.8 WYOMING94.195.595.095.793.495.093.794.6 AVERAGE ANNUAL ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE 6 - 25 25 Table 6.6 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by State 1999 20002001 2002 Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail UNITED STATES 94.295.094.495.294.995.795.396.2 ALABAMA91.593.091.993.392.894.092.293.2 ALASKA 94.696.594.396.996.097.196.497.9 ARIZONA93.293.893.994.894.595.194.896.0 ARKANSAS 88.990.588.689.991.392.992.193.4 CALIFORNIA95.796.295.896.496.697.097.097.4 COLORADO96.797.296.396.796.797.397.297.7 CONNECTICUT 96.596.896.496.896.196.897.497.9 DELAWARE95.796.996.397.196.296.996.897.3 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 92.493.593.294.194.595.594.095.6 FLORIDA92.693.692.192.993.294.094.395.2 GEORGIA92.193.291.192.592.493.494.094.8 HAWAII 96.397.194.795.395.796.696.897.7 IDAHO 93.894.693.994.894.595.695.096.1 ILLINOIS 91.893.091.592.392.593.492.893.7 INDIANA93.895.294.595.393.995.093.494.5 IOWA95.896.596.297.197.197.896.997.8 KANSAS 93.894.894.895.794.295.995.596.6 KENTUCKY 92.894.193.394.393.594.595.096.0 LOUISIANA 91.593.192.693.893.694.692.493.6 MAINE97.297.997.998.397.898.597.998.7 MARYLAND95.395.895.096.096.096.396.497.0 MASSACHUSETTS 95.496.094.695.595.696.196.997.5 MICHIGAN 94.294.995.095.694.795.694.394.9 MINNESOTA 96.997.397.497.897.597.897.798.3 MISSISSIPPI 88.091.289.292.089.992.691.493.3 MISSOURI 95.696.695.896.996.196.896.297.0 MONTANA 95.396.294.695.195.095.794.896.0 NEBRASKA 95.996.697.398.096.697.495.896.7 NEVADA93.193.594.094.595.195.895.596.1 NEW HAMPSHIRE 97.097.697.798.398.398.697.297.7 NEW JERSEY 93.994.394.695.095.896.495.996.9 NEW MEXICO 89.891.491.292.792.293.691.893.9 NEW YORK 95.396.195.195.795.195.995.896.3 NORTH CAROLINA 93.994.893.995.093.694.794.395.2 NORTH DAKOTA 97.397.995.896.494.495.394.995.0 OHIO 94.795.694.895.896.096.795.996.9 OKLAHOMA 91.292.591.292.393.294.393.194.6 OREGON95.296.194.895.695.696.597.297.7 PENNSYLVANIA 97.197.496.697.197.097.598.098.2 RHODE ISLAND 94.394.794.995.996.396.796.196.7 SOUTH CAROLINA 92.994.093.294.294.595.694.395.1 SOUTH DAKOTA 92.793.494.395.095.195.895.195.6 TENNESSEE 94.596.095.596.693.294.793.694.9 TEXAS 92.493.593.594.493.894.994.295.5 UTAH 95.696.595.996.596.696.996.797.6 VERMONT 95.396.795.696.297.297.897.698.1 VIRGINIA93.294.195.496.094.795.396.296.8 WASHINGTON 95.996.494.996.096.096.996.497.2 WEST VIRGINIA 92.794.694.095.393.595.394.595.7 WISCONSIN 95.796.694.896.095.896.896.197.0 WYOMING95.095.694.796.093.894.894.094.8 ANNUAL ANNUAL AVERAGE AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE ANNUAL AVERAGE 6 - 26 26 Table 6.6 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by State 2003 Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail UNITED STATES 95.596.395.296.194.795.595.196.0 ALABAMA90.591.892.394.092.493.191.793.0 ALASKA 96.898.396.697.897.198.496.898.2 ARIZONA95.696.195.095.794.996.495.296.1 ARKANSAS 93.093.790.491.889.791.491.092.3 CALIFORNIA97.297.697.697.996.597.097.197.5 COLORADO97.097.597.398.196.296.796.897.4 CONNECTICUT 97.698.395.197.097.698.496.897.9 DELAWARE96.997.496.397.296.697.196.697.2 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 95.196.395.396.695.596.095.396.3 FLORIDA95.095.695.296.093.794.494.695.3 GEORGIA95.295.694.795.991.391.893.794.4 HAWAII 98.098.597.598.396.597.797.398.2 IDAHO 94.896.295.896.592.895.194.595.9 ILLINOIS 92.493.091.392.591.592.391.792.6 INDIANA93.894.692.893.993.895.193.594.5 IOWA97.097.596.597.396.897.696.897.5 KANSAS 96.397.695.396.496.097.095.997.0 KENTUCKY 94.095.696.096.293.794.694.695.5 LOUISIANA 93.494.493.794.492.594.193.294.3 MAINE98.098.897.397.998.098.397.898.3 MARYLAND98.598.897.297.797.497.797.798.1 MASSACHUSETTS 97.197.997.998.597.898.397.698.2 MICHIGAN 95.296.094.295.793.594.894.395.5 MINNESOTA 96.697.597.797.896.397.396.997.5 MISSISSIPPI 91.393.092.594.691.392.991.793.5 MISSOURI 97.097.595.295.795.496.295.996.5 MONTANA 94.295.092.793.992.893.993.294.3 NEBRASKA 96.596.895.996.695.596.296.096.5 NEVADA94.996.094.394.794.294.594.595.1 NEW HAMPSHIRE 97.597.698.098.397.497.897.697.9 NEW JERSEY 96.196.996.697.596.297.296.397.2 NEW MEXICO 93.094.590.493.491.693.291.793.7 NEW YORK 95.396.095.495.994.995.495.295.8 NORTH CAROLINA 94.495.292.994.395.196.194.195.2 NORTH DAKOTA 94.495.793.794.394.294.894.194.9 OHIO 96.697.496.496.995.896.396.396.9 OKLAHOMA 92.793.790.892.091.292.591.692.7 OREGON96.796.996.997.596.096.596.597.0 PENNSYLVANIA 97.197.797.297.696.897.397.097.5 RHODE ISLAND 97.497.896.397.197.197.396.997.4 SOUTH CAROLINA 93.694.594.496.491.793.993.294.9 SOUTH DAKOTA 94.895.592.993.594.795.994.195.0 TENNESSEE 94.395.694.295.294.295.494.295.4 TEXAS 94.895.993.194.692.893.993.694.8 UTAH 97.797.796.998.296.697.597.197.8 VERMONT 96.497.697.798.297.097.897.097.9 VIRGINIA95.996.796.096.994.595.295.596.3 WASHINGTON 97.097.696.897.995.996.796.697.4 WEST VIRGINIA 94.996.294.796.193.295.094.395.8 WISCONSIN 96.396.796.397.195.796.596.196.8 WYOMING93.895.293.894.793.995.093.895.0 ANNUAL NOVEMBERAVERAGE JULY MARCH 6 - 27 27 Table 6.6 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by State 2004 Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail UNITED STATES 94.295.193.894.793.594.693.894.8 ALABAMA91.793.491.492.293.594.792.293.4 ALASKA 96.297.594.595.996.197.095.696.8 ARIZONA93.493.792.894.489.390.091.892.7 ARKANSAS 88.891.087.189.889.991.788.690.8 CALIFORNIA95.996.595.896.496.296.696.096.5 COLORADO97.097.395.095.995.496.195.896.4 CONNECTICUT 98.198.494.395.694.094.895.596.3 DELAWARE96.197.396.397.195.796.696.097.0 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 93.293.491.992.890.692.991.993.0 FLORIDA93.794.793.394.693.294.593.494.6 GEORGIA92.192.790.891.590.791.991.292.0 HAWAII 95.396.696.997.693.995.095.496.4 IDAHO 96.897.195.296.292.593.894.895.7 ILLINOIS 90.491.189.790.690.191.390.191.0 INDIANA91.392.591.893.092.493.791.893.1 IOWA95.296.995.095.996.197.095.496.6 KANSAS 94.095.395.296.395.196.494.896.0 KENTUCKY 90.892.491.992.991.593.391.492.9 LOUISIANA 90.591.690.792.391.693.090.992.3 MAINE96.698.196.998.196.397.296.697.8 MARYLAND94.395.192.293.393.794.293.494.2 MASSACHUSETTS 96.897.196.396.796.196.996.496.9 MICHIGAN 94.295.593.894.593.293.893.794.6 MINNESOTA 97.797.896.697.597.198.497.197.9 MISSISSIPPI 91.692.989.289.787.990.289.690.9 MISSOURI 93.994.592.093.895.196.093.794.8 MONTANA 93.694.792.893.694.095.093.594.4 NEBRASKA 94.896.296.597.295.797.095.796.8 NEVADA93.894.390.991.491.992.992.292.9 NEW HAMPSHIRE 95.095.697.597.896.897.396.496.9 NEW JERSEY 96.196.794.395.394.895.695.195.9 NEW MEXICO 91.693.791.594.191.192.791.493.5 NEW YORK 95.095.794.395.094.294.994.595.2 NORTH CAROLINA 93.694.393.594.392.994.693.394.4 NORTH DAKOTA 94.594.794.495.496.097.095.095.7 OHIO 94.095.596.197.094.795.594.996.0 OKLAHOMA 93.894.288.792.290.493.091.093.1 OREGON95.596.096.197.094.895.595.596.2 PENNSYLVANIA 96.296.595.696.194.995.795.696.1 RHODE ISLAND 95.596.096.096.594.494.895.395.8 SOUTH CAROLINA 94.295.193.395.492.895.993.495.5 SOUTH DAKOTA 92.993.892.192.995.896.593.694.4 TENNESSEE 93.694.594.094.490.993.292.894.0 TEXAS 92.593.992.894.090.292.391.893.4 UTAH 97.097.295.796.796.197.496.397.1 VERMONT 96.997.596.096.894.895.695.996.6 VIRGINIA94.595.094.595.193.194.594.094.9 WASHINGTON 95.195.895.396.096.197.495.596.4 WEST VIRGINIA 94.795.992.694.592.293.293.294.5 WISCONSIN 96.296.995.996.394.395.795.596.3 WYOMING95.896.594.695.395.196.494.695.3 MARCH ANNUAL NOVEMBERAVERAGE JULY 6 - 28 28 Table 6.6 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by State 2005 Unit Avail UNITED STATES 92.493.7 ALABAMA90.692.6 ALASKA 95.296.1 ARIZONA93.093.8 ARKANSAS 87.790.4 CALIFORNIA94.595.3 COLORADO95.096.1 CONNECTICUT 92.794.5 DELAWARE90.791.9 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA 91.293.3 FLORIDA91.693.6 GEORGIA90.492.4 HAWAII 95.296.7 IDAHO 94.895.6 ILLINOIS 89.189.8 INDIANA91.492.9 IOWA96.397.0 KANSAS 93.594.5 KENTUCKY 90.191.6 LOUISIANA 89.891.3 MAINE95.496.6 MARYLAND93.594.1 MASSACHUSETTS 93.994.7 MICHIGAN 91.593.4 MINNESOTA 95.697.2 MISSISSIPPI 86.790.2 MISSOURI 92.194.4 MONTANA 93.395.1 NEBRASKA 94.596.0 NEVADA90.091.5 NEW HAMPSHIRE 94.495.4 NEW JERSEY 93.995.0 NEW MEXICO 92.293.8 NEW YORK 91.392.5 NORTH CAROLINA 91.492.5 NORTH DAKOTA 95.295.6 OHIO 93.393.9 OKLAHOMA 90.392.2 OREGON94.595.4 PENNSYLVANIA 94.394.9 RHODE ISLAND 93.994.8 SOUTH CAROLINA 93.294.8 SOUTH DAKOTA 94.795.8 TENNESSEE 90.592.2 TEXAS 90.291.8 UTAH 96.997.4 VERMONT 96.797.9 VIRGINIA91.292.4 WASHINGTON 96.997.8 WEST VIRGINIA 91.592.5 WISCONSIN 94.294.8 WYOMING94.095.4 MARCH 6 - 29 29 Table 6.7 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Income Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail NOVEMBER 1983 TOTAL 91.493.793.195.078.883.980.784.6 UNDER $5,000 71.778.475.781.962.770.458.364.6 $5,000 - $7,499 82.787.284.588.574.782.071.176.5 $7,500 - $9,999 88.290.989.692.280.583.972.677.9 $10,000 - $12,499 89.792.791.293.982.086.276.882.1 $12,500 - $14,999 92.194.693.495.282.590.789.891.7 $15,000 - $17,499 94.696.294.996.491.795.186.990.8 $17,500 - $19,999 95.797.496.197.791.495.088.491.5 $20,000 - $24,999 96.997.897.498.291.293.293.194.3 $25,000 - $29,999 98.098.998.299.096.197.298.399.0 $30,000 - $34,999 98.899.199.099.295.197.797.798.9 $35,000 - $39,999 99.099.599.199.598.498.492.198.2 $40,000 - $49,999 99.299.599.499.797.397.3100.0100.0 $50,000 - $74,999 99.499.799.599.798.5100.099.6100.0 $75,000 + 99.499.699.499.6100.0100.0100.0100.0 1984 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 91.693.793.294.979.884.580.984.3 UNDER $5,000 71.277.574.580.463.270.555.162.3 $5,000 - $7,499 83.386.985.588.774.880.269.873.6 $7,500 - $9,999 86.589.688.391.077.282.775.079.7 $10,000 - $12,499 89.792.691.193.681.186.379.784.6 $12,500 - $14,999 92.194.493.095.085.489.587.390.5 $15,000 - $17,499 93.795.794.296.088.592.288.490.0 $17,500 - $19,999 95.196.495.696.791.794.491.092.8 $20,000 - $24,999 96.897.897.198.093.395.892.594.5 $25,000 - $29,999 98.198.898.498.995.197.296.497.2 $30,000 - $34,999 98.799.198.899.396.897.298.899.1 $35,000 - $39,999 99.299.599.399.697.798.398.298.5 $40,000 - $49,999 99.399.699.499.796.696.998.999.3 $50,000 - $74,999 99.499.899.599.898.098.4100.0100.0 $75,000 + 98.999.698.999.696.5100.098.0100.0 1985 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 91.893.993.395.081.185.281.384.4 UNDER $5,000 71.978.175.381.363.970.661.667.0 $5,000 - $7,499 82.786.584.888.174.079.866.671.3 $7,500 - $9,999 86.890.088.190.980.385.075.079.4 $10,000 - $12,499 89.692.290.893.282.386.080.482.8 $12,500 - $14,999 91.093.792.294.582.787.882.885.8 $15,000 - $17,499 93.495.694.296.288.291.885.788.6 $17,500 - $19,999 94.796.295.196.691.593.490.492.8 $20,000 - $24,999 96.397.596.597.694.496.391.393.7 $25,000 - $29,999 97.698.597.898.695.897.393.095.9 $30,000 - $34,999 98.699.098.799.197.398.497.397.3 $35,000 - $39,999 98.899.298.999.496.997.898.299.4 $40,000 - $49,999 99.199.499.199.497.898.297.598.2 $50,000 - $74,999 99.399.799.499.797.998.899.599.5 $75,000 + 99.299.599.299.597.697.698.598.5 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 30 30 Table 6.7 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Income Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 1986 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 92.394.193.795.281.685.981.484.1 UNDER $5,000 71.677.474.980.163.971.057.562.9 $5,000 - $7,499 83.186.585.288.274.379.668.172.1 $7,500 - $9,999 86.990.288.491.178.685.272.975.8 $10,000 - $12,499 89.692.190.793.082.686.480.382.6 $12,500 - $14,999 91.293.891.994.486.490.383.987.8 $15,000 - $17,499 93.195.194.395.785.391.686.388.9 $17,500 - $19,999 94.996.395.396.792.294.287.290.1 $20,000 - $24,999 96.597.596.997.992.894.693.094.1 $25,000 - $29,999 97.798.498.098.794.595.993.995.2 $30,000 - $34,999 98.498.998.699.096.797.597.598.4 $35,000 - $39,999 98.999.399.099.497.697.998.199.3 $40,000 - $49,999 99.199.499.199.498.298.298.598.8 $50,000 - $74,999 99.599.899.699.899.499.499.499.7 $75,000 + 99.499.699.499.698.099.597.5100.0 1987 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 92.494.293.895.481.885.983.085.4 UNDER $5,000 71.577.475.080.363.771.060.765.7 $5,000 - $7,499 83.486.785.588.474.880.269.972.4 $7,500 - $9,999 86.789.688.190.679.384.075.878.9 $10,000 - $12,499 89.592.390.493.183.287.581.084.1 $12,500 - $14,999 90.893.291.994.183.887.785.286.9 $15,000 - $17,499 92.694.993.595.586.990.885.688.7 $17,500 - $19,999 94.496.095.196.489.092.789.390.6 $20,000 - $24,999 96.497.696.897.993.595.193.194.9 $25,000 - $29,999 97.598.498.098.793.495.396.497.1 $30,000 - $34,999 98.198.998.399.096.197.296.997.7 $35,000 - $39,999 98.899.298.999.396.598.697.497.7 $40,000 - $49,999 99.499.799.599.798.798.799.799.8 $50,000 - $74,999 99.599.899.599.899.199.498.799.6 $75,000 + 99.599.899.599.898.599.698.6100.0 1988 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 92.794.594.195.683.086.882.185.1 UNDER $5,000 72.078.474.980.865.873.258.564.5 $5,000 - $7,499 83.387.185.188.476.982.366.471.7 $7,500 - $9,999 85.688.787.290.377.781.467.372.8 $10,000 - $12,499 88.891.590.192.481.786.577.580.9 $12,500 - $14,999 91.393.792.294.485.188.881.584.5 $15,000 - $19,999 93.695.394.395.988.591.188.690.6 $20,000 - $24,999 96.297.496.597.693.595.791.193.1 $25,000 - $29,999 97.698.497.998.594.496.795.096.4 $30,000 - $34,999 98.499.098.799.295.496.798.699.0 $35,000 - $39,999 98.899.298.999.397.898.497.297.7 $40,000 - $49,999 99.399.699.499.797.398.598.799.7 $50,000 - $74,999 99.599.899.699.899.299.399.499.8 $75,000 + 99.599.999.499.9100.0100.097.8100.0 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 31 31 Table 6.7 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Income Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 1989 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 93.194.994.595.983.287.183.086.0 UNDER $5,000 74.480.478.183.265.673.562.167.3 $5,000 - $7,499 83.787.485.789.177.482.068.873.8 $7,500 - $9,999 86.689.888.591.378.483.675.980.2 $10,000 - $12,499 88.491.390.092.679.384.973.276.8 $12,500 - $14,999 91.393.792.494.584.588.879.283.7 $15,000 - $19,999 93.295.094.295.885.989.286.388.8 $20,000 - $24,999 95.997.296.497.591.694.392.094.4 $25,000 - $29,999 97.598.497.998.694.096.093.396.3 $30,000 - $34,999 98.398.898.598.996.197.095.696.2 $35,000 - $39,999 98.799.398.999.496.798.095.897.5 $40,000 - $49,999 99.199.599.299.697.297.797.098.2 $50,000 - $59,999 99.599.799.599.898.799.098.799.2 $60,000 - $74,999 99.599.799.599.799.399.395.796.8 $75,000 + 99.599.899.599.899.599.599.799.7 1990 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 93.395.094.696.183.587.082.785.3 UNDER $5,000 75.481.079.184.266.172.861.166.1 $5,000 - $7,499 82.686.884.988.874.980.166.770.6 $7,500 - $9,999 86.989.989.091.677.382.474.877.8 $10,000 - $12,499 88.991.790.292.881.985.574.177.1 $12,500 - $14,999 91.793.992.794.785.988.782.084.3 $15,000 - $19,999 93.395.394.296.087.791.085.188.6 $20,000 - $24,999 95.697.096.197.491.993.789.491.3 $25,000 - $29,999 97.098.097.798.590.993.294.295.5 $30,000 - $34,999 97.998.698.498.993.395.496.097.0 $35,000 - $39,999 98.799.398.899.497.098.094.196.3 $40,000 - $49,999 99.199.499.299.598.598.897.897.8 $50,000 - $59,999 99.499.699.599.798.798.797.598.2 $60,000 - $74,999 99.599.799.699.898.398.898.899.1 $75,000 + 99.599.899.599.898.698.697.799.6 1991 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 93.495.194.896.283.587.284.186.7 UNDER $5,000 73.980.178.383.763.371.265.271.3 $5,000 - $7,499 82.986.885.288.875.080.369.674.7 $7,500 - $9,999 86.589.788.191.079.183.773.176.9 $10,000 - $12,499 88.991.690.092.582.486.276.079.2 $12,500 - $14,999 91.193.492.194.385.588.482.484.6 $15,000 - $19,999 93.495.294.395.987.190.787.089.8 $20,000 - $24,999 95.597.096.097.591.293.391.693.5 $25,000 - $29,999 96.897.997.398.293.696.090.992.4 $30,000 - $34,999 98.398.998.699.295.497.195.897.1 $35,000 - $39,999 98.799.198.899.397.097.796.297.3 $40,000 - $49,999 99.199.599.299.698.198.698.298.8 $50,000 - $59,999 99.599.799.599.798.699.097.998.6 $60,000 - $74,999 99.799.999.799.999.399.598.899.2 $75,000 + 99.799.999.799.999.6100.098.599.6 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 32 32 Table 6.7 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Income Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 1992 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 93.895.395.296.484.287.985.888.2 UNDER $5,000 72.078.175.581.164.171.365.070.7 $5,000 - $7,499 83.286.885.488.376.382.372.075.5 $7,500 - $9,999 87.590.289.291.479.984.976.279.9 $10,000 - $12,499 90.592.991.693.984.687.982.185.3 $12,500 - $14,999 91.593.792.794.785.188.485.788.8 $15,000 - $19,999 93.395.094.395.786.690.686.789.5 $20,000 - $24,999 95.997.196.597.591.293.793.294.5 $25,000 - $29,999 97.198.097.698.592.694.694.895.6 $30,000 - $34,999 98.298.998.499.096.397.496.197.1 $35,000 - $39,999 98.699.098.999.396.497.496.697.5 $40,000 - $49,999 99.299.599.499.697.698.598.298.7 $50,000 - $59,999 99.499.799.499.798.999.698.398.5 $60,000 - $74,999 99.599.899.599.899.399.698.999.7 $75,000 + 99.499.799.599.897.797.999.199.1 1993 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 94.295.695.596.685.288.386.788.8 UNDER $5,000 72.978.976.482.065.572.766.370.7 $5,000 - $7,499 84.087.285.788.878.782.475.778.6 $7,500 - $9,999 87.490.189.191.480.184.679.782.8 $10,000 - $12,499 90.692.791.993.882.986.785.788.3 $12,500 - $14,999 92.094.193.295.184.888.784.086.2 $15,000 - $19,999 93.695.294.596.088.090.485.388.3 $20,000 - $24,999 96.397.596.897.892.694.691.994.6 $25,000 - $29,999 97.798.598.198.894.596.195.596.9 $30,000 - $34,999 98.398.998.699.196.396.996.297.3 $35,000 - $39,999 98.699.098.899.296.397.195.796.3 $40,000 - $49,999 99.299.599.399.598.298.696.997.4 $50,000 - $59,999 99.599.799.599.799.099.398.499.1 $60,000 - $74,999 99.699.899.699.899.399.3100.0100.0 $75,000 + 99.599.899.599.899.4100.0100.0100.0 1994 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 93.895.495.196.485.789.486.088.3 UNDER $5,000 76.182.179.884.668.777.466.371.8 $5,000 - $7,499 82.787.084.988.977.282.473.177.3 $7,500 - $9,999 87.390.589.192.181.484.981.183.8 $10,000 - $12,499 89.692.290.993.181.588.683.386.2 $12,500 - $14,999 91.594.092.995.085.589.284.687.8 $15,000 - $19,999 93.695.394.495.886.692.287.689.7 $20,000 - $24,999 95.296.795.897.290.393.591.493.5 $25,000 - $29,999 96.697.697.097.993.995.892.193.3 $30,000 - $34,999 97.398.297.798.593.895.791.793.9 $35,000 - $39,999 97.898.598.198.694.497.395.296.0 $40,000 - $49,999 98.699.198.899.397.297.896.496.6 $50,000 - $59,999 99.099.399.299.496.398.199.599.7 $60,000 - $74,999 99.499.599.499.599.599.798.398.5 $75,000 + 99.199.499.299.498.699.398.798.7 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 33 33 Table 6.7 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Income Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 1995 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 93.995.295.296.286.289.285.987.8 UNDER $5,000 75.380.579.183.067.475.168.872.2 $5,000 - $7,499 82.886.384.887.777.983.072.675.5 $7,500 - $9,999 87.389.689.591.579.083.378.080.4 $10,000 - $12,499 89.892.191.293.283.587.684.286.4 $12,500 - $14,999 91.793.592.894.486.489.384.986.8 $15,000 - $19,999 93.195.094.195.688.592.484.987.6 $20,000 - $24,999 95.496.496.096.992.494.190.292.1 $25,000 - $29,999 96.697.697.097.993.795.692.294.3 $30,000 - $34,999 97.698.097.998.394.395.294.295.1 $35,000 - $39,999 98.398.798.598.896.997.597.398.4 $40,000 - $49,999 98.698.998.899.097.197.896.696.6 $50,000 - $59,999 98.899.199.099.397.798.295.797.0 $60,000 - $74,999 99.299.399.299.498.899.098.699.4 $75,000 + 99.099.299.099.299.199.599.099.0 1996 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 93.995.094.995.887.389.886.488.0 UNDER $5,000 75.680.378.081.770.176.968.071.4 $5,000 - $7,499 83.185.884.586.679.984.376.978.8 $7,500 - $9,999 87.289.888.690.781.986.779.782.3 $10,000 - $12,499 88.891.490.292.383.588.182.084.3 $12,500 - $14,999 91.793.592.894.486.189.585.187.0 $15,000 - $19,999 93.094.693.795.188.791.386.588.7 $20,000 - $24,999 94.595.695.196.091.392.686.588.6 $25,000 - $29,999 96.297.196.597.393.395.094.595.4 $30,000 - $34,999 97.598.197.798.396.497.495.796.3 $35,000 - $39,999 97.998.397.898.297.598.095.295.7 $40,000 - $49,999 98.598.998.799.096.797.096.197.5 $50,000 - $59,999 98.899.099.099.197.397.697.598.2 $60,000 - $74,999 98.899.199.099.397.397.397.999.4 $75,000 + 98.999.299.099.298.799.298.498.7 1997 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 93.995.095.095.986.989.586.788.6 UNDER $5,000 75.780.879.183.568.475.168.573.5 $5,000 - $7,499 82.885.984.587.178.182.474.677.0 $7,500 - $9,999 86.789.589.091.278.683.379.381.4 $10,000 - $12,499 89.991.990.992.785.388.182.486.0 $12,500 - $14,999 91.093.192.494.083.988.184.586.4 $15,000 - $19,999 93.194.694.195.388.891.886.788.4 $20,000 - $24,999 95.095.995.496.292.193.989.690.9 $25,000 - $29,999 95.896.896.297.192.694.791.893.7 $30,000 - $34,999 97.297.997.598.195.195.993.694.9 $35,000 - $39,999 97.497.997.998.194.896.294.996.4 $40,000 - $49,999 98.298.698.498.797.097.896.697.4 $50,000 - $59,999 98.498.898.598.996.997.397.798.6 $60,000 - $74,999 99.099.299.099.299.599.898.498.4 $75,000 + 99.099.299.199.398.598.898.198.3 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 34 34 Table 6.7 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Income Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 1998 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 94.195.295.196.087.989.788.490.0 UNDER $5,000 77.281.380.183.870.375.272.075.3 $5,000 - $7,499 83.085.984.987.677.681.077.080.6 $7,500 - $9,999 87.489.388.890.683.385.079.781.6 $10,000 - $12,499 89.891.790.792.585.788.584.686.2 $12,500 - $14,999 91.092.892.093.785.888.285.386.4 $15,000 - $19,999 93.094.294.095.288.389.689.691.0 $20,000 - $24,999 93.995.294.695.890.292.288.490.2 $25,000 - $29,999 95.696.695.896.794.095.991.393.5 $30,000 - $34,999 97.197.897.598.294.395.695.396.7 $35,000 - $39,999 97.598.097.898.395.496.495.996.8 $40,000 - $49,999 98.198.598.398.796.296.796.997.4 $50,000 - $59,999 98.198.598.298.696.897.595.796.7 $60,000 - $74,999 98.698.898.899.096.997.497.597.5 $75,000 + 99.099.299.099.299.199.198.698.8 1999 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 94.295.095.295.987.789.689.990.9 UNDER $5,000 76.079.879.082.669.574.272.875.6 $5,000 - $7,499 82.985.384.687.078.381.279.883.3 $7,500 - $9,999 88.390.389.991.581.885.585.085.8 $10,000 - $12,499 88.990.590.491.882.184.985.286.5 $12,500 - $14,999 90.392.091.092.487.189.884.885.9 $15,000 - $19,999 92.594.093.594.787.090.288.389.5 $20,000 - $24,999 94.195.194.895.790.592.191.592.8 $25,000 - $29,999 95.396.295.996.691.893.595.295.7 $30,000 - $34,999 96.797.497.297.793.995.594.795.2 $35,000 - $39,999 97.397.897.898.294.395.196.196.6 $40,000 - $49,999 98.298.598.398.697.297.695.896.5 $50,000 - $59,999 98.298.598.398.797.297.498.198.5 $60,000 - $74,999 98.698.898.698.997.698.498.298.4 $75,000 + 98.899.098.999.197.898.297.798.2 2000 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 94.495.295.295.989.390.790.591.6 UNDER $5,000 80.083.183.186.273.076.379.082.0 $5,000 - $7,499 84.286.385.087.081.784.682.484.7 $7,500 - $9,999 87.089.388.490.382.285.785.887.0 $10,000 - $12,499 90.091.590.992.585.987.584.086.0 $12,500 - $14,999 91.592.992.794.086.587.988.089.9 $15,000 - $19,999 91.793.292.694.186.989.187.288.5 $20,000 - $24,999 93.794.794.395.290.592.290.891.3 $25,000 - $29,999 95.596.396.096.892.593.893.094.3 $30,000 - $34,999 96.497.096.697.295.496.193.794.3 $35,000 - $39,999 97.297.797.598.095.195.795.495.8 $40,000 - $49,999 97.798.297.998.496.096.496.797.8 $50,000 - $59,999 98.098.398.198.497.097.597.697.8 $60,000 - $74,999 98.498.798.598.897.097.595.996.5 $75,000 + 98.498.798.598.797.597.796.997.4 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 35 35 Table 6.7 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Income Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 2001 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 94.995.795.696.490.091.491.392.4 UNDER $5,000 79.983.383.185.772.778.078.882.3 $5,000 - $7,499 84.086.385.487.580.683.884.485.7 $7,500 - $9,999 88.890.690.091.684.687.386.588.6 $10,000 - $12,499 90.292.091.192.886.088.485.887.5 $12,500 - $14,999 91.492.692.293.386.588.388.488.8 $15,000 - $19,999 92.994.493.594.990.092.088.890.6 $20,000 - $24,999 94.395.494.996.090.592.191.393.1 $25,000 - $29,999 96.096.996.297.094.996.092.693.5 $30,000 - $34,999 96.797.397.097.595.396.094.995.2 $35,000 - $39,999 97.297.897.397.996.196.896.096.7 $40,000 - $49,999 97.898.397.998.497.097.396.096.1 $50,000 - $59,999 98.498.898.598.997.397.597.398.4 $60,000 - $74,999 98.698.998.799.097.998.396.597.5 $75,000 + 98.899.198.899.198.398.698.298.7 2002 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 95.396.296.296.990.191.691.792.9 UNDER $5,000 79.983.182.585.273.878.177.880.7 $5,000 - $7,499 83.386.185.988.676.479.784.585.7 $7,500 - $9,999 89.791.691.192.785.387.788.490.6 $10,000 - $12,499 90.692.391.993.385.387.988.189.7 $12,500 - $14,999 92.793.993.494.689.991.088.690.2 $15,000 - $19,999 93.294.593.894.891.193.587.789.1 $20,000 - $24,999 94.395.495.196.290.692.192.393.7 $25,000 - $29,999 95.696.696.097.093.394.493.495.3 $30,000 - $34,999 96.997.597.497.994.795.595.296.0 $35,000 - $39,999 97.998.498.098.697.197.597.497.9 $40,000 - $49,999 98.298.698.498.896.697.196.797.5 $50,000 - $59,999 98.799.298.999.298.098.297.998.3 $60,000 - $74,999 99.199.499.299.598.398.898.398.9 $75,000 + 99.399.599.399.698.698.799.299.2 MARCH 2003 TOTAL 95.596.396.296.991.092.192.393.2 UNDER $5,000 80.584.683.087.376.080.379.583.9 $5,000 - $7,499 86.588.286.688.683.685.081.082.1 $7,500 - $9,999 89.791.290.992.385.586.988.290.5 $10,000 - $12,499 91.692.692.293.287.889.487.989.3 $12,500 - $14,999 92.093.092.593.788.989.789.490.3 $15,000 - $19,999 93.694.894.795.688.990.890.691.4 $20,000 - $24,999 94.094.994.795.590.191.292.193.2 $25,000 - $29,999 95.896.596.296.894.294.893.393.5 $30,000 - $34,999 96.797.496.997.794.294.695.496.3 $35,000 - $39,999 98.098.598.398.896.096.398.698.6 $40,000 - $49,999 98.098.597.998.498.499.295.996.4 $50,000 - $59,999 98.699.198.899.297.498.297.598.3 $60,000 - $74,999 98.899.298.899.398.198.197.397.9 $75,000 + 99.399.699.499.699.399.698.899.1 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 36 36 Table 6.7 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Income Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail JULY 2003 TOTAL 95.296.196.096.890.591.891.492.7 UNDER $5,000 80.484.383.386.773.578.674.376.9 $5,000 - $7,499 85.887.686.487.883.285.981.783.6 $7,500 - $9,999 89.992.090.892.587.190.687.989.4 $10,000 - $12,499 89.591.690.592.784.386.989.089.8 $12,500 - $14,999 91.893.092.893.785.988.189.591.5 $15,000 - $19,999 93.195.093.895.789.891.088.191.3 $20,000 - $24,999 94.295.294.995.890.291.190.593.1 $25,000 - $29,999 96.097.096.297.295.696.694.094.8 $30,000 - $34,999 96.797.697.098.093.994.495.095.6 $35,000 - $39,999 97.798.497.798.497.598.097.598.4 $40,000 - $49,999 97.998.498.298.795.896.696.697.5 $50,000 - $59,999 98.599.098.599.098.998.996.697.8 $60,000 - $74,999 98.999.299.199.397.998.3100.0100.0 $75,000 + 99.399.599.399.698.498.798.999.3 NOVEMBER 2003 TOTAL 94.795.595.596.289.790.990.591.5 UNDER $5,000 79.482.680.583.774.878.171.276.0 $5,000 - $7,499 83.685.884.786.381.084.077.880.7 $7,500 - $9,999 89.191.189.891.085.990.284.184.1 $10,000 - $12,499 89.891.490.492.187.688.882.083.8 $12,500 - $14,999 91.493.092.293.987.488.885.587.0 $15,000 - $19,999 91.993.092.793.687.789.289.890.7 $20,000 - $24,999 94.094.794.194.992.593.492.993.9 $25,000 - $29,999 95.196.295.496.393.594.893.193.6 $30,000 - $34,999 96.196.796.397.093.794.194.594.8 $35,000 - $39,999 97.498.297.598.398.198.395.295.9 $40,000 - $49,999 97.898.498.198.795.796.496.297.3 $50,000 - $59,999 98.398.898.499.097.197.496.297.7 $60,000 - $74,999 98.598.998.699.097.898.297.698.7 $75,000 + 98.498.998.699.295.295.2100.0100.0 2003 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 95.196.095.996.690.491.691.492.5 UNDER $5,000 80.183.882.385.974.879.075.078.9 $5,000 - $7,499 85.387.285.987.682.685.080.282.1 $7,500 - $9,999 89.691.490.591.986.289.286.788.0 $10,000 - $12,499 90.391.991.092.786.688.486.387.6 $12,500 - $14,999 91.793.092.593.887.488.988.189.6 $15,000 - $19,999 92.994.393.795.088.890.389.591.1 $20,000 - $24,999 94.194.994.695.490.991.991.893.4 $25,000 - $29,999 95.696.695.996.894.495.493.594.0 $30,000 - $34,999 96.597.296.797.693.994.495.095.6 $35,000 - $39,999 97.798.497.898.597.297.597.197.6 $40,000 - $49,999 97.998.498.198.696.697.496.297.1 $50,000 - $59,999 98.599.098.699.197.898.296.897.9 $60,000 - $74,999 98.799.198.899.297.998.298.398.9 $75,000 + 99.099.399.199.597.697.899.299.5 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 37 37 Table 6.7 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Income Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail MARCH 2004 TOTAL 94.295.194.995.790.191.190.591.6 UNDER $5,000 80.183.482.185.176.979.874.976.7 $5,000 - $7,499 85.186.884.485.986.788.883.985.1 $7,500 - $9,999 88.189.489.290.582.884.285.587.7 $10,000 - $12,499 90.291.790.891.888.591.385.385.9 $12,500 - $14,999 90.892.891.993.887.989.888.090.1 $15,000 - $19,999 91.292.692.193.488.890.488.189.7 $20,000 - $24,999 94.295.194.795.590.991.789.890.5 $25,000 - $29,999 94.595.694.795.894.094.593.995.1 $30,000 - $34,999 95.896.696.397.093.794.694.595.5 $35,000 - $39,999 96.196.996.397.295.795.794.496.5 $40,000 - $49,999 96.797.496.897.695.295.293.695.2 $50,000 - $59,999 97.998.298.398.695.795.796.897.8 $60,000 - $74,999 97.497.897.798.196.596.598.498.4 $75,000 + 98.298.798.298.897.997.997.398.5 JULY 2004 TOTAL 93.894.794.795.687.488.990.291.6 UNDER $5,000 79.982.982.585.571.975.080.482.7 $5,000 - $7,499 84.886.586.087.481.784.379.181.0 $7,500 - $9,999 87.889.988.090.185.988.782.484.5 $10,000 - $12,499 89.391.091.293.080.982.285.487.8 $12,500 - $14,999 92.093.592.694.189.790.986.290.4 $15,000 - $19,999 91.793.492.994.485.687.787.990.5 $20,000 - $24,999 93.194.593.594.890.491.389.292.2 $25,000 - $29,999 94.595.995.496.490.792.993.895.2 $30,000 - $34,999 94.795.895.896.690.692.290.592.1 $35,000 - $39,999 96.096.596.596.792.194.096.496.5 $40,000 - $49,999 97.197.797.397.995.596.595.995.9 $50,000 - $59,999 97.197.797.297.995.895.994.094.2 $60,000 - $74,999 97.998.498.098.598.098.096.998.0 $75,000 + 98.198.698.398.798.198.097.998.4 NOVEMBER 2004 TOTAL 93.594.694.395.388.290.090.391.5 UNDER $5,000 77.381.681.785.567.372.375.579.6 $5,000 - $7,499 83.085.582.985.683.785.879.580.7 $7,500 - $9,999 87.689.988.490.583.686.485.788.4 $10,000 - $12,499 89.690.890.391.587.488.286.588.5 $12,500 - $14,999 91.693.591.993.491.194.287.589.2 $15,000 - $19,999 91.793.393.194.486.389.289.490.2 $20,000 - $24,999 93.795.094.595.790.693.090.992.2 $25,000 - $29,999 94.496.194.996.190.995.394.796.5 $30,000 - $34,999 94.995.995.296.292.293.692.292.4 $35,000 - $39,999 95.396.595.896.892.494.095.095.7 $40,000 - $49,999 96.497.596.597.595.296.993.094.9 $50,000 - $59,999 97.097.696.997.598.599.196.496.5 $60,000 - $74,999 97.698.497.798.495.497.496.798.2 $75,000 + 98.098.598.098.698.398.398.598.5 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 38 38 Table 6.7 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Income Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 2004 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL 93.894.894.695.588.690.090.391.6 UNDER $5,000 79.182.682.185.472.075.776.979.7 $5,000 - $7,499 84.386.384.486.384.086.380.882.3 $7,500 - $9,999 87.889.788.590.484.186.484.586.9 $10,000 - $12,499 89.791.290.892.185.687.285.787.4 $12,500 - $14,999 91.593.392.193.889.691.687.289.9 $15,000 - $19,999 91.593.192.794.186.989.188.590.1 $20,000 - $24,999 93.794.994.295.390.692.090.091.6 $25,000 - $29,999 94.595.995.096.191.994.294.195.6 $30,000 - $34,999 95.196.195.896.692.293.592.493.3 $35,000 - $39,999 95.896.696.296.993.494.695.396.2 $40,000 - $49,999 96.797.596.997.795.396.294.295.3 $50,000 - $59,999 97.397.897.598.096.796.995.796.2 $60,000 - $74,999 97.698.297.898.396.697.397.398.2 $75,000 + 98.198.698.298.798.198.197.998.5 MARCH 2005 TOTAL 92.493.793.294.487.789.588.289.8 UNDER $5,000 80.484.782.086.277.882.076.379.8 $5,000 - $7,499 82.886.083.486.881.784.380.585.1 $7,500 - $9,999 86.488.987.489.283.787.983.884.6 $10,000 - $12,499 88.690.189.290.586.188.881.982.6 $12,500 - $14,999 90.391.991.693.284.686.484.085.9 $15,000 - $19,999 91.292.591.793.387.687.988.989.6 $20,000 - $24,999 92.093.492.893.989.291.988.889.9 $25,000 - $29,999 92.794.592.994.691.394.089.891.4 $30,000 - $34,999 93.995.394.996.288.390.290.592.2 $35,000 - $39,999 94.295.394.295.494.795.591.994.0 $40,000 - $49,999 95.996.796.096.995.096.293.194.7 $50,000 - $59,999 96.797.196.997.296.396.893.093.0 $60,000 - $74,999 96.897.897.097.994.996.097.599.9 $75,000 + 96.997.597.197.793.293.697.498.2 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 39 39 Table 6.8 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Household Size Unit Avai l Unit Avai l Unit Avai l Unit Avai l NOVEMBER 1983 TOTA L91.493.793.195.078.883.980.784.6 1 PERSON 87.591.390.293.771.277.173.882.0 2 - 3 93.395.094.595.982.587.880.784.3 4 - 5 92.494.293.695.083.187.383.486.2 6 + 86.688.990.592.274.578.581.084.0 1984 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L91.693.793.294.979.884.580.984.3 1 PERSON 88.391.890.393.474.980.772.979.4 2 - 3 93.294.994.595.982.386.882.085.2 4 - 5 92.594.093.995.181.885.783.986.2 6 + 86.988.889.891.176.380.179.281.8 1985 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L91.893.993.395.081.185.281.384.4 1 PERSON 87.691.289.993.173.679.871.978.5 2 - 3 93.595.094.595.884.987.983.686.0 4 - 5 94.295.395.296.187.690.485.687.0 6 + 90.391.892.893.681.384.985.686.1 1986 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L92.394.193.795.281.685.981.484.1 1 PERSON 88.191.490.493.275.481.073.979.3 2 - 3 94.095.395.096.185.388.983.185.4 4 - 5 94.495.395.496.187.990.485.586.7 6 + 90.191.592.993.577.882.883.384.1 1987 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L92.494.293.895.481.885.983.085.4 1 PERSON 89.592.791.394.177.883.179.583.5 2 - 3 93.995.395.196.383.987.383.886.3 4 - 5 93.094.594.395.483.687.484.486.4 6 + 87.489.189.891.077.481.580.681.6 1988 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L92.794.594.195.683.086.882.185.1 1 PERSON 88.491.790.693.576.482.074.479.5 2 - 3 94.595.795.496.486.889.784.286.9 4 - 5 94.995.895.896.589.090.784.485.6 6 + 92.894.393.794.987.290.686.188.0 1989 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L93.194.994.595.983.287.183.086.0 1 PERSON 90.093.091.994.679.183.875.581.3 2 - 3 94.595.895.696.785.889.384.387.3 4 - 5 94.595.595.796.485.788.886.988.5 6 + 90.592.092.793.882.485.884.986.5 TOTAL WHITE BLACK RACEHISPANIC ORIGIN 6 - 40 40 Table 6.8 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Household Size Unit Avai l Unit Avai l Unit Avai l Unit Avai l 1990 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L93.395.094.696.183.587.082.785.3 1 PERSON 90.993.792.595.180.284.876.280.5 2 - 3 94.796.095.896.986.089.084.286.7 4 - 5 93.695.095.096.184.087.184.686.8 6 + 87.889.690.291.578.581.880.681.8 1991 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L93.495.194.896.283.587.284.187.7 1 PERSON 91.193.992.895.379.884.977.783.3 2 - 3 94.996.296.097.185.888.986.288.4 4 - 5 93.795.095.196.184.387.485.187.5 6 + 88.890.490.591.881.083.982.083.3 1992 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L93.895.395.296.484.287.985.888.2 1 PERSON 91.894.193.495.481.486.181.385.4 2 - 3 95.196.396.297.286.189.286.388.9 4 - 5 93.995.295.396.284.488.087.489.2 6 + 89.991.491.792.782.885.485.786.6 1993 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L94.295.695.596.685.288.386.788.8 1 PERSON 92.394.693.995.882.586.881.986.4 2 - 3 95.396.496.397.287.189.687.389.1 4 - 5 94.595.695.996.785.788.388.490.2 6 + 89.991.592.093.081.284.985.787.1 1994 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L93.895.495.196.485.789.486.088.3 1 PERSON 91.894.293.495.482.286.782.185.9 2 - 3 95.096.296.097.087.991.186.688.9 4 - 5 94.295.695.596.686.689.988.189.5 6 + 89.491.791.393.182.386.983.485.9 1995 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L93.995.295.296.286.289.285.987.8 1 PERSON 91.693.493.294.682.185.980.682.7 2 - 3 95.296.196.296.988.290.786.488.2 4 - 5 94.595.695.696.587.990.588.089.8 6 + 90.492.392.093.684.487.885.287.1 1996 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L93.995.094.995.887.389.886.488.0 1 PERSON 91.593.192.794.283.886.580.583.4 2 - 3 95.296.196.196.788.991.587.588.9 4 - 5 94.595.595.396.188.991.387.889.5 6 + 89.891.191.192.184.687.585.486.5 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 41 41 Table 6.8 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Household Size Unit Avai l Unit Avai l Unit Avai l Unit Avai l 1997 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L93.995.095.095.986.989.586.788.6 1 PERSON 91.493.192.894.383.386.380.183.7 2 - 3 95.096.095.996.689.291.487.689.4 4 - 5 94.895.895.996.687.990.589.190.3 6 + 90.391.791.992.983.086.285.787.6 1998 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L94.195.295.196.087.989.788.490.0 1 PERSON 91.492.992.994.382.885.281.984.5 2 - 3 95.496.296.196.890.592.189.591.0 4 - 5 94.995.795.796.489.590.989.991.3 6 + 91.892.992.793.687.989.988.489.4 1999 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L94.295.095.295.987.789.689.990.9 1 PERSON 90.992.492.693.882.184.982.784.4 2 - 3 95.496.196.196.790.391.890.191.3 4 - 5 95.696.296.496.990.692.092.593.4 6 + 92.293.493.494.485.988.590.390.8 2000 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L94.495.295.295.989.390.790.591.6 1 PERSON 91.592.892.894.084.486.584.086.2 2 - 3 95.496.196.096.691.092.190.591.6 4 - 5 95.696.296.296.791.792.992.693.4 6 + 93.494.493.894.791.592.792.193.0 2001 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L94.995.795.696.490.091.491.392.4 1 PERSON 92.093.493.194.485.887.884.987.1 2 - 3 95.896.496.496.991.793.091.292.2 4 - 5 96.396.996.897.592.293.293.894.7 6 + 94.295.094.895.491.392.692.292.7 2002 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L95.396.296.296.990.191.691.792.9 1 PERSON 92.794.094.095.285.787.586.788.2 2 - 3 96.296.996.997.591.893.191.592.7 4 - 5 96.697.397.197.792.894.193.894.8 6 + 94.995.795.496.192.193.493.194.1 MARCH 200 3 TOTA L95.596.396.296.991.092.192.393.2 1 PERSON 92.693.893.794.986.487.784.587.0 2 - 3 96.697.297.297.792.793.793.193.7 4 - 5 97.097.497.497.893.994.695.095.3 6 + 94.295.294.595.492.594.191.893.7 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 42 42 Table 6.8 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Household Size Unit Avai l Unit Avai l Unit Avai l Unit Avai l JULY 2003 TOTA L95.296.196.096.890.591.891.492.7 1 PERSON 92.193.493.394.685.186.784.186.1 2 - 3 96.397.196.997.692.493.691.593.2 4 - 5 96.997.597.397.994.095.194.195.0 6 + 95.395.795.896.092.193.693.793.7 NOVEMBER 2003 TOTA L94.795.595.596.289.790.990.591.5 1 PERSON 91.793.193.094.384.485.982.384.4 2 - 3 95.796.496.496.991.692.791.392.3 4 - 5 96.296.896.697.193.494.492.893.4 6 + 93.794.494.695.389.890.892.092.8 2003 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L95.196.095.996.690.491.691.492.5 1 PERSON 92.193.493.394.685.386.883.685.8 2 - 3 96.296.996.897.492.293.392.093.1 4 - 5 96.797.297.197.693.894.794.094.6 6 + 94.495.195.095.691.592.892.593.4 MARCH 200 4 TOTA L94.295.194.995.790.191.190.591.6 1 PERSON 90.892.192.193.484.285.682.885.0 2 - 3 95.496.195.996.692.492.991.692.9 4 - 5 95.896.296.096.493.594.592.493.1 6+ 94.795.394.795.293.294.891.592.5 JULY 200 4 TOTA L93.894.794.795.687.488.990.291.6 1 PERSON 90.191.691.793.182.083.882.485.2 2 - 3 94.995.795.796.389.591.189.891.1 4 - 5 95.796.396.697.190.191.494.094.9 6+ 94.595.394.495.393.893.892.793.7 NOVEMBER 200 4 TOTA L93.594.694.395.388.290.090.391.5 1 PERSON 89.891.691.192.883.084.983.785.9 2 - 3 94.695.695.496.289.491.390.792.0 4 - 5 95.696.396.096.592.594.492.493.0 6 + 93.894.594.595.092.292.792.993.5 2004 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTA L93.894.894.695.588.690.090.391.6 1 PERSON 90.291.891.693.183.184.883.085.4 2 - 3 95.095.895.796.490.491.890.792.0 4 - 5 95.796.396.296.792.093.492.993.7 6 + 94.395.094.595.293.193.892.493.2 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 43 43 Table 6.8 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Household Size Unit Avai l Unit Avai l Unit Avai l Unit Avai l MARCH 200 5 TOTA L92.493.793.294.487.789.588.289.8 1 PERSON 89.090.890.391.982.785.183.285.4 2 - 3 93.494.594.095.189.591.086.788.4 4 - 5 94.595.595.095.991.692.592.193.3 6+ 92.793.793.093.890.392.289.990.9 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 44 44 Table 6.9 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Householder's Age Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail NOVEMBER 1983 TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 91.493.793.195.078.883.980.784.6 16- 24 YRS OLD 76.684.180.286.249.968.264.971.9 25- 54 YRS OLD 91.593.793.495.278.783.381.885.6 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.096.196.197.086.388.589.389.3 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.596.496.497.289.590.787.390.2 65- 69 YRS OLD 95.596.296.597.087.289.090.790.7 70- 99 YRS OLD 95.496.596.097.090.192.385.589.1 1984 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 91.693.793.294.979.884.580.984.3 16- 24 YRS OLD 77.083.679.685.458.270.860.969.2 25- 54 YRS OLD 91.793.793.495.179.684.183.185.7 55- 59 YRS OLD 94.996.196.197.186.689.287.190.1 60- 64 YRS OLD 94.996.096.097.086.688.887.189.1 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.296.897.197.687.989.990.291.5 70- 99 YRS OLD 95.396.596.097.188.290.984.487.6 1985 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 91.893.993.395.081.185.281.384.4 16- 24 YRS OLD 77.983.880.385.860.069.464.870.8 25- 54 YRS OLD 91.993.993.595.280.785.082.585.2 55- 59 YRS OLD 94.996.095.896.887.890.087.489.2 60- 64 YRS OLD 94.995.995.896.588.490.289.791.3 65- 69 YRS OLD 95.996.896.897.588.290.989.191.7 70- 99 YRS OLD 95.596.696.297.389.190.787.690.9 1986 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 92.394.193.795.281.685.981.484.1 16- 24 YRS OLD 79.084.481.585.959.872.263.467.4 25- 54 YRS OLD 92.294.093.895.381.185.282.985.5 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.296.396.197.088.091.387.690.4 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.496.296.297.088.990.489.190.3 65- 69 YRS OLD 95.896.796.797.488.490.690.491.9 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.097.096.597.491.392.987.589.8 1987 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 92.494.293.895.481.885.983.085.4 16- 24 YRS OLD 78.984.481.486.161.872.365.270.8 25- 54 YRS OLD 92.394.293.995.481.485.584.486.5 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.296.296.497.287.089.689.190.7 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.796.496.697.388.090.290.992.0 65- 69 YRS OLD 95.996.797.097.587.189.388.888.8 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.097.096.597.591.993.091.693.1 1988 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 92.794.594.195.683.086.882.185.1 16- 24 YRS OLD 80.285.182.386.865.673.564.070.9 25- 54 YRS OLD 92.694.494.195.682.286.383.586.1 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.196.496.197.288.391.088.589.9 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.396.296.397.087.689.987.390.0 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.497.197.297.789.692.089.691.2 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.297.596.797.992.393.992.294.3 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 45 45 Table 6.9 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Householder's Age Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 1989 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.194.994.595.983.287.183.086.0 16- 24 YRS OLD 80.585.982.987.765.375.264.872.3 25- 54 YRS OLD 92.794.694.395.882.286.483.686.5 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.496.596.497.488.790.790.191.2 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.796.796.697.389.291.689.890.0 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.397.097.197.790.391.988.891.0 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.497.497.197.991.192.689.892.0 1990 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.395.094.696.183.587.082.785.3 16- 24 YRS OLD 81.286.583.688.266.475.367.873.5 25- 54 YRS OLD 92.694.594.195.782.486.182.084.6 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.496.496.597.487.389.689.990.7 60- 64 YRS OLD 96.296.997.197.689.791.690.691.1 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.397.197.097.890.791.790.792.5 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.997.897.498.391.993.393.294.1 1991 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.495.194.896.283.587.284.186.7 16- 24 YRS OLD 81.086.183.488.065.774.568.573.9 25- 54 YRS OLD 92.794.694.395.882.386.384.186.7 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.596.796.597.588.090.989.890.5 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.996.996.997.688.590.888.390.4 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.797.597.598.289.891.892.994.0 70- 99 YRS OLD 97.398.197.898.692.893.592.194.0 1992 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.895.395.296.484.287.985.888.2 15- 24 YRS OLD 82.087.485.089.664.274.172.880.4 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.194.894.695.982.987.085.587.7 55- 59 YRS OLD 96.096.897.097.589.691.991.592.3 60- 64 YRS OLD 96.397.197.097.791.292.689.391.2 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.697.397.598.089.892.092.092.4 70- 99 YRS OLD 97.598.098.098.593.194.094.295.0 1993 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 94.295.695.596.685.288.386.788.8 15- 24 YRS OLD 83.387.385.789.270.177.371.876.3 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.595.195.096.383.587.086.488.7 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.996.896.797.590.092.291.392.1 60- 64 YRS OLD 97.097.697.798.391.993.392.593.7 65- 69 YRS OLD 97.097.697.598.192.893.592.993.9 70- 99 YRS OLD 97.698.298.098.693.294.194.795.4 1994 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.895.495.196.485.789.486.088.3 15- 24 YRS OLD 84.389.286.190.474.083.071.877.1 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.395.094.796.084.888.786.188.4 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.696.696.397.290.792.989.491.1 60- 64 YRS OLD 96.397.297.197.990.191.991.892.4 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.797.397.397.891.893.293.393.5 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.797.697.298.191.793.192.393.7 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 46 46 Table 6.9 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Householder's Age Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 1995 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.995.295.296.286.289.285.987.8 15- 24 YRS OLD 84.688.587.090.273.280.674.878.0 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.694.995.096.085.488.586.188.0 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.796.496.296.892.593.988.690.0 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.896.596.396.991.793.490.090.9 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.496.896.997.492.293.191.292.6 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.497.197.097.591.492.890.492.1 1996 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.995.094.995.887.389.886.488.0 15- 24 YRS OLD 84.988.486.889.674.581.272.976.4 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.594.894.695.686.689.487.188.8 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.796.396.396.891.092.590.390.7 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.796.296.396.892.093.088.288.8 65- 69 YRS OLD 95.896.396.496.892.593.389.590.4 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.597.096.897.393.594.390.992.3 1997 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.995.095.095.986.989.586.788.6 15- 24 YRS OLD 84.988.886.790.174.981.675.079.4 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.694.894.795.786.389.087.188.9 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.496.196.496.989.290.890.192.2 60- 64 YRS OLD 96.096.596.697.092.192.790.691.2 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.296.796.797.192.693.890.992.4 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.296.796.697.193.093.790.391.3 1998 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 94.195.295.196.087.989.788.490.0 15- 24 YRS OLD 87.089.888.491.079.983.880.083.5 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.894.994.895.887.289.288.589.9 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.696.296.296.891.592.591.492.8 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.896.396.597.091.892.891.292.6 65- 69 YRS OLD 95.796.396.597.090.290.795.195.8 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.396.896.797.193.193.891.091.9 1999 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 94.295.095.295.987.789.689.990.9 15- 24 YRS OLD 86.488.988.290.277.582.381.083.1 25- 54 YRS OLD 94.094.995.195.987.589.590.291.3 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.796.396.496.990.591.593.194.3 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.796.296.496.890.992.092.292.8 65- 69 YRS OLD 95.996.396.697.090.091.194.194.8 70- 99 YRS OLD 95.896.396.296.792.292.892.493.1 2000 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 94.495.295.295.989.390.790.591.6 15- 24 YRS OLD 87.890.189.091.381.284.181.984.4 25- 54 YRS OLD 94.295.195.195.989.290.791.192.1 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.896.396.296.791.892.591.192.0 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.896.296.596.791.292.092.393.2 65- 69 YRS OLD 95.896.196.396.592.893.294.594.7 70- 99 YRS OLD 95.796.196.196.591.692.492.192.7 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 47 47 Table 6.9 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Householder's Age Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 2001 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 94.995.795.696.490.091.491.392.4 15- 24 YRS OLD 88.891.089.491.585.688.183.585.6 25- 54 YRS OLD 94.795.695.596.389.491.091.892.9 55- 59 YRS OLD 96.496.996.897.293.194.393.394.3 60- 64 YRS OLD 96.296.696.797.093.094.194.495.0 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.496.897.197.492.092.794.194.3 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.396.896.797.293.293.791.992.6 2002 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 95.396.296.296.990.191.691.792.9 15- 24 YRS OLD 88.591.089.591.983.486.784.286.7 25- 54 YRS OLD 95.095.995.996.789.691.192.093.2 55- 59 YRS OLD 96.897.497.497.992.293.293.994.6 60- 64 YRS OLD 96.997.497.297.794.895.493.093.5 65- 69 YRS OLD 97.597.898.098.194.395.395.195.1 70- 99 YRS OLD 97.297.697.798.093.794.494.995.3 MARCH 2003 TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 95.596.396.296.991.092.192.393.2 15- 24 YRS OLD 90.492.491.493.287.690.188.189.8 25- 54 YRS OLD 95.195.995.996.690.291.492.693.5 55- 59 YRS OLD 96.997.497.397.793.694.693.393.7 60- 64 YRS OLD 97.397.697.998.292.793.193.794.1 65- 69 YRS OLD 97.097.497.798.092.392.394.294.2 70- 99 YRS OLD 97.297.697.597.895.095.292.093.8 JULY 2003 TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 95.296.196.096.890.591.891.492.7 15- 24 YRS OLD 86.989.887.690.083.087.283.786.6 25- 54 YRS OLD 95.196.095.896.790.491.591.893.1 55- 59 YRS OLD 96.797.297.197.694.494.992.594.5 60- 64 YRS OLD 96.697.397.498.090.392.096.596.7 65- 69 YRS OLD 97.497.797.898.095.995.993.893.8 70- 99 YRS OLD 97.197.597.798.091.793.092.993.3 NOVEMBER 2003 TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 94.795.595.596.289.790.990.591.5 15- 24 YRS OLD 86.589.087.789.980.183.683.285.4 25- 54 YRS OLD 94.395.295.095.989.590.791.191.9 55- 59 YRS OLD 96.997.497.598.093.393.392.193.3 60- 64 YRS OLD 96.597.097.297.693.393.993.594.0 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.797.097.497.691.491.794.895.9 70- 99 YRS OLD 97.097.497.497.893.594.090.791.8 2003 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 95.196.095.996.690.491.691.492.5 15- 24 YRS OLD 87.990.488.991.083.687.085.087.3 25- 54 YRS OLD 94.895.795.696.490.091.291.892.8 55- 59 YRS OLD 96.897.397.397.893.894.392.693.8 60- 64 YRS OLD 96.897.397.597.992.193.094.694.9 65- 69 YRS OLD 97.097.497.697.993.293.394.394.6 70- 99 YRS OLD 97.197.597.597.993.494.191.993.0 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 48 48 Table 6.9 Percentage of Households with a Telephone by Householder's Age Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail MARCH 2004 TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 94.295.194.995.790.191.190.591.6 15- 24 YRS OLD 87.089.687.489.585.988.185.187.2 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.994.894.695.590.191.190.591.7 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.095.595.796.190.190.591.592.0 60- 64 YRS OLD 96.096.496.797.090.690.994.795.7 65- 69 YRS OLD 95.596.296.096.791.491.792.493.4 70- 99 YRS OLD 96.697.096.997.392.893.993.493.9 JULY 2004 TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.894.794.795.687.488.990.291.6 15- 24 YRS OLD 87.690.588.891.381.585.882.084.6 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.394.494.495.386.788.390.892.2 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.195.795.896.589.990.691.492.5 60- 64 YRS OLD 94.995.595.796.388.389.092.293.2 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.897.097.297.294.694.694.695.5 70- 99 YRS OLD 95.796.196.396.791.291.792.292.2 NOVEMBER 2004 TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.594.694.395.388.290.090.391.5 15- 24 YRS OLD 84.688.285.989.377.682.282.785.8 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.394.694.295.388.090.191.092.1 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.496.096.196.890.090.592.993.4 60- 64 YRS OLD 94.995.395.696.088.989.292.192.5 65- 69 YRS OLD 95.996.295.996.396.996.994.094.0 70- 99 YRS OLD 95.495.995.896.291.592.489.890.5 2004 ANNUAL AVERAGE TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 93.894.894.695.588.690.090.391.6 15- 24 YRS OLD 86.489.487.490.081.785.483.385.9 25- 54 YRS OLD 93.594.694.495.488.389.890.892.0 55- 59 YRS OLD 95.295.795.996.590.090.591.992.6 60- 64 YRS OLD 95.395.796.096.489.389.793.093.8 65- 69 YRS OLD 96.196.596.496.794.394.493.794.3 70- 99 YRS OLD 95.996.396.396.791.892.791.892.2 MARCH 2005 TOTAL HOUSEHOLDS 92.493.793.294.487.789.588.289.8 15- 24 YRS OLD 85.588.187.189.278.883.479.280.4 25- 54 YRS OLD 92.293.692.994.287.889.489.090.7 55- 59 YRS OLD 93.494.493.894.790.292.288.291.3 60- 64 YRS OLD 94.094.994.995.788.990.192.392.6 65- 69 YRS OLD 94.895.695.896.489.490.590.891.0 70- 99 YRS OLD 93.994.794.295.191.292.090.491.0 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 49 49 Table 6.10 Percentage of Adults with a Telephone by Labor Force Status Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail NOVEMBER 1983 TOTAL CNP 92.894.594.195.682.786.683.486.5 EMPLOYED94.195.995.096.685.789.886.389.6 UNEMPLOYED 82.586.584.888.174.681.276.679.9 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 92.193.493.894.980.883.780.483.0 1984 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 92.894.594.195.582.986.783.085.6 EMPLOYED94.095.795.096.485.989.885.788.3 UNEMPLOYED 81.785.384.087.074.780.274.077.4 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 92.193.593.895.080.783.980.382.8 1985 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 93.094.694.295.684.187.483.585.8 EMPLOYED94.295.895.096.587.390.485.187.5 UNEMPLOYED 82.385.884.287.376.381.173.876.9 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 92.293.693.894.981.584.582.684.6 1986 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 93.494.894.695.884.688.183.385.4 EMPLOYED94.796.195.596.687.791.185.387.4 UNEMPLOYED 82.386.084.587.674.880.775.378.2 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 92.693.994.195.182.385.481.483.4 1987 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 93.594.994.795.984.788.184.586.4 EMPLOYED94.696.195.496.787.991.086.388.3 UNEMPLOYED 82.786.185.388.274.079.377.079.6 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 92.793.994.295.282.285.582.584.1 1988 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 93.895.294.996.185.688.783.686.1 EMPLOYED94.996.295.696.888.591.585.487.7 UNEMPLOYED 83.386.885.988.975.480.576.780.3 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 92.894.294.395.583.186.081.584.0 1989 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 94.195.595.396.485.889.084.787.0 EMPLOYED95.296.596.097.188.891.786.689.0 UNEMPLOYED 83.987.186.288.877.082.575.178.6 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.194.494.795.782.885.982.684.6 1990 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 94.295.595.396.586.188.884.586.6 EMPLOYED95.396.696.097.289.491.886.388.4 UNEMPLOYED 85.088.087.990.475.380.077.080.4 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.094.394.695.683.285.882.484.1 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 50 50 Table 6.10 Percentage of Adults with a Telephone by Labor Force Status Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 1991 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 94.395.795.596.686.389.185.587.7 EMPLOYED95.696.896.397.389.892.487.589.6 UNEMPLOYED 86.489.588.391.078.984.178.281.6 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.194.494.795.882.685.383.585.4 1992 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 94.795.995.896.886.989.887.889.7 EMPLOYED95.897.096.597.590.192.889.591.6 UNEMPLOYED 88.190.390.091.881.285.083.485.8 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.694.895.296.183.686.585.887.4 1993 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 95.096.196.097.087.590.088.289.9 EMPLOYED96.197.196.897.690.692.889.791.5 UNEMPLOYED 88.690.690.792.380.984.785.087.1 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.894.995.396.284.587.086.187.6 1994 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 94.595.995.696.787.991.087.389.2 EMPLOYED95.696.896.397.390.493.288.590.4 UNEMPLOYED 87.890.889.892.281.186.784.186.5 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.494.894.895.985.488.585.787.6 1995 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 95.096.195.996.889.191.488.089.6 EMPLOYED95.896.796.597.291.293.288.990.4 UNEMPLOYED 88.891.790.893.182.387.484.487.2 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.494.494.895.784.987.386.087.7 1996 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 94.995.895.696.489.791.888.489.7 EMPLOYED95.696.496.296.991.493.089.690.8 UNEMPLOYED 88.891.190.191.985.089.584.686.5 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.494.494.595.386.488.885.687.0 1997 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 94.995.895.796.589.391.588.690.2 EMPLOYED95.696.596.296.991.192.989.591.1 UNEMPLOYED 87.890.489.791.481.587.182.484.3 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.594.494.895.586.488.486.988.4 1998 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 95.195.995.796.590.491.989.991.3 EMPLOYED95.696.496.196.891.993.390.491.8 UNEMPLOYED 89.391.491.593.282.985.685.488.6 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.994.794.995.687.889.189.090.2 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 51 51 Table 6.10 Percentage of Adults with a Telephone by Labor Force Status Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail 1999 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 95.295.995.996.590.391.891.292.1 EMPLOYED95.896.496.396.991.893.291.592.4 UNEMPLOYED 89.691.291.693.083.285.489.190.2 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 94.194.795.195.787.789.190.791.6 2000 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 95.195.895.796.391.092.191.792.6 EMPLOYED95.796.496.196.892.693.691.992.8 UNEMPLOYED 90.592.292.293.585.688.389.390.8 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 94.394.995.195.689.190.091.692.4 2001 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 95.696.296.296.891.692.792.493.3 EMPLOYED96.196.896.597.293.194.092.593.3 UNEMPLOYED 92.193.493.194.288.590.991.892.5 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 94.995.595.796.389.490.692.393.2 2002 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 96.096.896.797.392.093.292.993.8 EMPLOYED96.797.397.197.793.894.893.294.1 UNEMPLOYED 92.193.593.094.388.390.589.891.0 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 95.496.196.396.989.791.092.893.6 MARCH 2003 TOTAL CNP 96.296.896.797.392.593.493.294.0 EMPLOYED96.797.397.197.794.194.993.794.3 UNEMPLOYED 92.593.993.394.689.090.689.491.5 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 95.796.396.597.090.791.793.193.8 JULY 2003 TOTAL CNP 96.196.896.697.392.493.592.994.0 EMPLOYED96.697.396.997.694.295.293.494.6 UNEMPLOYED 93.494.594.595.588.690.290.692.4 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 95.496.096.296.890.491.592.293.2 NOVEMBER 2003 TOTAL CNP 95.596.196.196.791.492.491.892.6 EMPLOYED95.996.696.497.192.493.392.793.4 UNEMPLOYED 92.293.592.993.988.791.088.389.0 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 95.095.595.896.290.291.190.791.6 2003 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 95.996.696.597.192.193.192.693.5 EMPLOYED96.497.196.897.593.694.593.394.1 UNEMPLOYED 92.794.093.694.788.890.689.491.0 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 95.495.996.296.790.491.492.092.9 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 52 52 Table 6.10 Percentage of Adults with a Telephone by Labor Force Status Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail Unit Avail MARCH 2004 TOTAL CNP 95.095.795.496.192.092.891.792.7 EMPLOYED95.596.395.896.593.594.192.093.0 UNEMPLOYED 91.292.792.093.587.989.489.490.7 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 94.595.195.195.690.591.391.792.4 JULY 2004 TOTAL CNP 94.895.595.596.289.690.892.093.1 EMPLOYED95.396.195.896.691.292.792.493.6 UNEMPLOYED 92.193.594.595.484.887.691.392.5 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 94.094.694.995.587.888.491.392.1 NOVEMBER 2004 TOTAL CNP 94.495.495.095.990.191.891.792.6 EMPLOYED94.996.095.496.391.593.192.193.1 UNEMPLOYED 91.393.293.494.785.388.592.093.6 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 93.794.594.595.188.890.290.791.3 2004 ANNUAL AVERAG E TOTAL CNP 94.795.595.396.190.691.891.892.8 EMPLOYED95.296.195.796.592.193.392.293.2 UNEMPLOYED 91.593.193.394.586.088.590.992.3 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 94.194.794.895.489.090.091.291.9 MARCH 2005 TOTAL CNP 93.294.493.894.989.691.089.691.0 EMPLOYED93.794.994.295.390.491.889.590.9 UNEMPLOYED 90.191.990.992.887.589.287.288.6 NOT IN LABOR FORCE 92.793.793.394.388.690.090.391.5 RACEHISPANIC TOTAL WHITE BLACKORIGIN 6 - 53 53 Table 6.11 Percentage of Households with Telephone Service in March Total Household Income in March 1984 Dollars * 198 4198 51986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 199 4 Alabama $9,999or less 77.477.876.772.875.881.479.681.879.185.283.1 $10,000-$ 19,99991.285.189.991.389.188.985.089.093.293.492.7 $20,000-$ 29,99991.096.696.292.294.197.694.995.595.096.394.1 $30,000-$ 39,999100.099.2100.097.0100.098.698.696.999.095.596.1 $40,000or more 98.3100.099.499.199.0100.099.198.397.699.194.4 All Households 89.088.589.387.488.690.888.690.290.592.790.8 Alaska $9,999or less 61.569.362.873.569.859.971.766.181.563.872.0 $10,000-$ 19,99980.283.674.274.078.876.283.384.483.988.482.2 $20,000-$ 29,99990.990.793.288.189.886.591.190.990.890.594.9 $30,000-$ 39,99992.395.394.597.891.493.396.496.194.391.9100.0 $40,000or more 96.095.796.799.798.196.898.598.797.299.198.9 All Households 85.989.488.588.587.584.289.989.790.990.091.6 Arizona $9,999or less 73.669.482.976.680.473.674.683.584.279.387.5 $10,000-$ 19,99991.790.084.283.585.287.991.593.090.794.691.9 $20,000-$ 29,99994.188.994.592.392.595.792.694.297.098.294.3 $30,000-$ 39,99997.392.597.293.598.998.198.299.097.797.296.5 $40,000or more 99.697.795.497.097.398.499.5100.099.198.9100.0 All Households 90.086.690.388.490.790.691.293.593.693.393.7 Arkansas $9,999or less 78.374.477.074.969.672.375.677.475.780.281.7 $10,000-$ 19,99985.788.981.685.081.880.491.487.388.086.089.7 $20,000-$ 29,99995.191.594.998.694.392.091.993.091.494.195.5 $30,000-$ 39,99996.591.797.295.599.0100.098.3100.097.997.697.0 $40,000or more 98.4100.096.897.693.798.996.597.697.198.898.1 All Households 87.285.785.987.183.884.388.388.187.288.790.1 California $9,999or less 82.980.382.384.586.985.984.387.585.987.789.0 $10,000-$ 19,99990.590.692.391.193.694.793.992.994.394.193.0 $20,000-$ 29,99995.595.493.695.895.494.896.796.396.696.195.6 $30,000-$ 39,99997.796.697.398.197.298.597.798.698.698.497.3 $40,000or more 98.199.199.099.198.599.298.299.198.899.398.9 All Households 92.692.693.394.194.795.094.795.195.095.294.8 Colorado $9,999or less 86.993.085.985.282.890.086.180.386.990.791.6 $10,000-$ 19,99990.493.194.290.493.996.697.193.094.595.594.7 $20,000-$ 29,99997.898.096.395.198.497.595.198.996.097.595.8 $30,000-$ 39,99998.699.398.497.0100.0100.099.199.0100.0100.098.3 $40,000or more 99.697.697.697.5100.099.199.0100.0100.099.397.8 All Households 94.696.294.893.094.996.294.894.095.496.595.6 Connecticut $9,999or less 80.571.491.792.591.486.988.685.685.589.188.7 $10,000-$ 19,99993.594.897.295.691.098.095.898.295.797.091.3 $20,000-$ 29,99997.099.097.697.896.098.3100.098.3100.098.299.3 $30,000-$ 39,99999.0100.098.6100.0100.0100.097.7100.098.9100.098.7 $40,000or more 99.399.4100.0100.099.599.499.3100.099.5100.0100.0 All Households 94.794.197.697.796.097.497.397.297.197.596.2 Delaware $9,999or less 87.389.687.290.395.086.689.094.489.195.188.7 $10,000-$ 19,99992.194.893.696.392.693.892.896.692.690.292.3 $20,000-$ 29,99998.498.398.197.997.496.996.796.297.598.697.5 $30,000-$ 39,99998.498.1100.0100.0100.098.9100.098.398.6100.0100.0 $40,000or more 99.5100.098.899.4100.099.299.198.599.0100.099.4 All Households 95.596.395.296.697.195.395.896.895.596.995.6 District of Columbia $9,999or less 92.584.881.781.581.889.584.887.379.568.372.9 $10,000-$ 19,99994.691.591.888.691.595.091.487.790.886.092.8 $20,000-$ 29,99997.293.995.494.096.898.597.495.292.492.696.7 $30,000-$ 39,99998.699.097.493.098.7100.096.597.496.396.294.1 $40,000or more 98.797.598.399.296.997.099.498.496.399.596.1 All Households 95.992.091.991.492.995.693.292.490.287.989.1 Florida $9,999or less 80.277.074.780.282.483.283.684.286.484.784.2 $10,000-$ 19,99987.987.688.289.091.688.091.491.493.093.891.1 $20,000-$ 29,99994.892.693.394.695.595.594.896.297.295.996.1 $30,000-$ 39,99996.898.396.696.597.397.697.799.398.998.497.1 $40,000or more 99.197.798.198.999.098.198.899.798.599.398.7 All Households 89.988.989.191.292.891.792.693.294.193.592.4 * Current dollar equivalents are at the end of Table 6.11 6 - 54 54 Total Household Income in March 1984 Dollars * $9,999or less $10,000-$ 19,999 $20,000-$ 29,999 $30,000-$ 39,999 $40,000or more All Households $9,999or less $10,000-$ 19,999 $20,000-$ 29,999 $30,000-$ 39,999 $40,000or more All Households $9,999or less $10,000-$ 19,999 $20,000-$ 29,999 $30,000-$ 39,999 $40,000or more All Households $9,999or less $10,000-$ 19,999 $20,000-$ 29,999 $30,000-$ 39,999 $40,000or more All Households $9,999or less $10,000-$ 19,999 $20,000-$ 29,999 $30,000-$ 39,999 $40,000or more All Households $9,999or less $10,000-$ 19,999 $20,000-$ 29,999 $30,000-$ 39,999 $40,000or more All Households $9,999or less $10,000-$ 19,999 $20,000-$ 29,999 $30,000-$ 39,999 $40,000or more All Households $9,999or less $10,000-$ 19,999 $20,000-$ 29,999 $30,000-$ 39,999 $40,000or more All Households $9,999or less $10,000-$ 19,999 $20,000-$ 29,999 $30,000-$ 39,999 $40,000or more All Households $9,999or less $10,000-$ 19,999 $20,000-$ 29,999 $30,000-$ 39,999 $40,000or more All Households Table 6.11 Percentage of Households with Telephone Service in March 199 51996 1997 1998 1999 20002001 200220032004 Alabama 79.981.978.083.679.582.284.683.981.182.5 95.695.692.594.790.489.391.691.091.093.1 96.197.395.797.296.695.993.194.094.295.8 100.092.9100.098.298.397.297.198.494.895.8 98.797.297.599.1100.095.996.199.098.995.8 92.591.891.393.692.091.391.792.491.391.8 Alaska 76.182.974.179.786.889.088.092.991.488.9 95.095.091.589.888.297.092.994.696.395.2 95.096.794.996.795.794.298.397.995.695.2 94.9100.0100.096.399.094.897.698.098.898.3 99.796.399.195.998.797.799.199.499.598.1 94.095.494.392.894.895.596.397.497.095.8 Arizona 81.986.982.479.579.188.687.686.887.885.6 91.388.486.892.090.290.890.594.294.895.2 94.398.096.495.094.897.493.396.995.791.3 98.799.195.295.694.096.397.998.4100.097.8 96.998.195.797.998.899.298.299.299.896.6 92.093.090.391.591.794.493.495.395.593.2 Arkansas 80.872.478.877.277.780.379.885.982.779.9 88.586.987.783.887.789.193.689.492.489.9 94.090.794.292.994.795.596.296.096.193.9 96.396.796.796.796.697.597.298.297.597.2 97.197.898.798.9100.096.699.097.899.598.5 89.386.188.786.488.890.191.392.292.190.0 California 87.787.087.789.489.290.190.694.393.192.5 95.094.191.695.492.696.395.396.095.895.1 95.197.096.095.096.095.897.398.597.896.7 97.997.297.396.397.196.597.397.998.996.8 99.198.397.897.497.897.698.299.399.297.8 95.094.694.094.994.695.696.097.497.196.0 Colorado 86.087.488.081.189.591.487.194.692.692.0 96.994.796.996.092.294.995.694.894.994.5 99.299.097.997.095.996.595.695.096.997.5 99.399.199.193.795.695.097.799.399.397.3 98.298.598.897.799.396.297.799.199.499.3 96.396.296.594.295.495.295.396.996.996.5 Connecticut 87.396.685.974.280.990.291.490.192.594.6 95.996.995.296.998.494.693.498.296.797.5 100.099.398.595.599.498.297.397.798.899.4 100.098.6100.095.098.394.597.799.399.198.7 98.999.498.397.998.797.197.398.799.399.0 96.398.395.692.795.395.495.897.397.597.9 Delaware 89.788.794.497.397.291.791.492.891.294.0 94.798.091.596.097.297.995.496.296.096.2 96.994.297.799.197.197.898.298.598.698.4 97.497.4100.095.198.898.897.098.996.895.5 100.097.495.298.5100.098.998.398.198.498.5 96.095.395.297.498.297.496.597.396.796.9 District of Columbia 83.281.481.186.188.486.691.787.089.488.0 91.493.693.793.791.287.694.494.294.693.3 96.897.493.289.789.190.396.394.895.296.4 98.598.498.594.393.892.099.496.997.997.8 97.298.197.596.198.897.493.997.999.099.3 92.392.591.491.792.491.094.694.095.095.0 Florida 86.786.684.485.487.885.684.289.789.888.3 93.794.092.093.691.590.291.194.394.492.4 97.295.895.495.692.894.595.497.596.493.3 97.295.994.797.895.297.197.196.897.396.2 98.097.897.797.397.396.995.397.098.997.4 93.993.492.193.392.692.492.394.795.193.2 * Current dollar equivalents are at the end of Table 6.11 6 - 55 55 Table 6.11 Percentage of Households with Telephone Service in March Total Household Income in March 1984 Dollars * 198 4198 51986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 199 4 Georgia $9,999or less 69.175.073.370.081.979.580.376.577.781.988.6 $10,000-$ 19,99985.786.488.381.888.788.588.290.192.095.291.2 $20,000-$ 29,99991.595.792.495.894.294.292.697.193.997.894.1 $30,000-$ 39,99998.7100.097.297.898.998.498.798.798.199.395.7 $40,000or more 97.899.899.198.199.398.898.798.599.198.698.0 All Households 85.989.388.087.792.091.091.091.190.593.593.2 Hawaii $9,999or less 76.174.680.185.785.983.489.681.178.086.784.6 $10,000-$ 19,99993.493.792.690.095.496.594.292.295.191.592.7 $20,000-$ 29,999100.098.7100.098.995.295.598.497.097.893.793.3 $30,000-$ 39,99997.296.698.597.298.798.599.198.396.897.598.2 $40,000or more 99.398.798.099.497.4100.099.499.499.598.698.0 All Households 94.093.494.494.795.395.796.794.895.194.694.6 Idaho $9,999or less 78.478.679.681.482.879.886.786.982.387.587.0 $10,000-$ 19,99989.692.492.089.393.492.388.988.591.292.293.6 $20,000-$ 29,99994.796.796.396.096.898.097.696.796.299.498.3 $30,000-$ 39,99998.798.298.098.198.8100.096.597.898.999.299.1 $40,000or more 99.1100.098.9100.097.396.899.698.499.699.299.1 All Households 90.692.091.891.292.792.092.892.392.294.595.0 Illinois $9,999or less 87.884.682.585.284.585.884.483.383.782.381.3 $10,000-$ 19,99995.894.294.592.093.692.592.591.494.093.392.8 $20,000-$ 29,99996.898.195.696.696.798.496.998.197.197.397.7 $30,000-$ 39,99999.797.998.097.999.297.699.397.999.099.697.5 $40,000or more 99.098.998.399.399.498.899.299.199.398.499.3 All Households 95.694.493.494.194.494.694.593.994.593.793.5 Indiana $9,999or less 80.478.182.981.580.176.785.585.670.079.887.7 $10,000-$ 19,99990.989.092.488.590.093.089.289.989.486.589.8 $20,000-$ 29,99997.798.696.095.397.398.694.797.497.698.695.8 $30,000-$ 39,99998.899.397.397.596.599.298.298.098.697.893.7 $40,000or more 98.098.398.698.699.398.598.997.9100.099.4100.0 All Households 92.091.793.091.391.693.092.392.889.491.392.8 Iowa $9,999or less 89.791.187.886.883.891.093.888.987.889.193.1 $10,000-$ 19,99996.695.597.096.896.397.995.294.696.195.895.4 $20,000-$ 29,99997.396.796.998.298.299.498.998.796.798.898.0 $30,000-$ 39,999100.0100.0100.0100.099.1100.0100.0100.098.5100.098.2 $40,000or more 99.099.799.198.198.999.1100.0100.0100.098.0100.0 All Households 95.895.995.595.694.697.397.295.795.396.096.5 Kansas $9,999or less 86.588.890.192.286.991.689.286.886.689.782.1 $10,000-$ 19,99992.991.291.193.993.488.494.093.195.295.894.0 $20,000-$ 29,99997.797.093.796.598.598.697.296.294.999.099.6 $30,000-$ 39,99999.099.599.298.7100.098.098.898.5100.099.198.5 $40,000or more 100.099.197.997.9100.099.4100.098.6100.0100.099.1 All Households 94.594.893.895.595.394.595.594.394.896.594.1 Kentucky $9,999or less 72.179.175.473.876.078.879.275.277.680.878.9 $10,000-$ 19,99989.288.786.890.490.989.087.989.791.891.894.7 $20,000-$ 29,99993.594.694.890.596.295.198.493.996.097.692.3 $30,000-$ 39,99994.295.895.897.394.498.698.7100.097.997.396.3 $40,000or more 97.398.4100.098.9100.0100.098.899.0100.0100.099.3 All Households 87.189.187.387.589.589.590.489.290.290.990.1 Louisiana $9,999or less 80.979.678.272.268.879.777.585.384.277.381.7 $10,000-$ 19,99988.091.189.882.588.189.894.393.791.292.593.4 $20,000-$ 29,99994.195.194.995.297.898.897.298.097.995.795.0 $30,000-$ 39,99997.099.297.3100.097.998.799.197.299.5100.098.4 $40,000or more 98.099.1100.0100.0100.098.399.0100.0100.0100.098.1 All Househol